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Biology of Hair Growth
Factors influencing Hair Growth
What regulates hair growth ?
There are too many factors that affect hair growth to name them all. A great diversity of different groups of factors that modify hair follicle activity are involved. In terms of products naturally produced by the body, the key factors that affect hair growth are hormones and cytokines. Hair follicles have receptors for androgens and estrogens that can each affect hair follicle activity. Other hormones including those derived from the thyroid and the pituitary glands can also have significant effects. In addition, there are other naturally produced chemcials called cytokines that act on cells in a hormone-like manner. Below is a table listing hormones and the more common cytokines and their action on hair follicles.
Endogenous substances that affect hair growth
Substance Site of action Effect on hair growth
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) Dermal papilla Increase
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) Dermal papilla Increase
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF- beta) Dermal papilla Decrease
Interleukin 1-alpha
(IL-1- alpha) Hair matrix Decrease
Fibroblast growth factor type 5 (FGF5) Hair matrix Decrease
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) Hair matrix Decrease
Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) Hair matrix Increase
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) Hair matrix Increase
Substance P Unknown Increase
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Unknown Decrease
Estrogens Unknown Decrease
What regulates the hair growth (clock) cycle ?
Although human hair follicles apparently cycle through growth and rest independently of each other there must be a mechanism to promote anagen hair growth and the involution of the hair follicle to a resting stage. Clues to the basics of this mechanism have been known about for many years. Any form of skin damage will force telogen hair follicles in rodents into anagen growth in and around the site of injury. Any damage would induce temporary hair growth. As the injury heals so the hair follicles go back to normal. There is similar evidence that injury in humans will also promote growth and induce anagen if the hair follicles are in telogen. Stimulation can come from cuts, scrapes, heat/chemical burns including sun burn, limited local necrosis, and some forms of skin irritation.
As you get older, you may lose hair due to aging. Generally speaking,
hair loss is a natural sign of aging, just like development of winkles
and deterioratiin in eyesight.
Besides aging, hair loss may also occur through genetic or environmental causes.
Although baldness is accepted as an alternative hair style by some people who even
shave head regularly to achieve baldness, loss of hair is usually not welcome by the
majority of people, especially when it happens to young people and women.
Loss of hair is a visible problem indeed. Although hair is no longer a biologically
crucial body part for us human, it does serve a role as a visible marker and
identifier of individuals. Therefore, hair style concerns the majority of people.
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