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DHEA||Coenzyme Q10||
Sleep Aid herbal formula - natural sleep aid||Herbal Breath - herbs for bad breath problems.||
Weight loss herbal formula for menopause and pms||Ginkgo biloba||
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Salud Publica Mex. 2003 May-Jun;45(3):159-64.
Use of antibiotics in upper respiratory infections on patients under 16 years old in private ambulatory medicine.
Pelaez-Ballestas I, Hernandez-Garduno A, Arredondo-Garcia JL, Viramontes-Madrid JL, Aguilar-Chiu A.
Departamento de Investigacion Clinica, Hospital General de Mexico, Mexico, DF, Mexico.
OBJECTIVE: To assess antibiotic use for upper respiratory infections (URI) treatment on patients under 16 years-old who are beneficiaries of a pre-paid health care scheme. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A database containing the record of all the medical prescriptions for URI treatment, from May 1997 to April 1998 was analyzed. Patients were under 16 years old and had been diagnosed with common colds, pharyngitis, bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis, and other unspecified upper respiratory tract infections. Three hundred and fifty-one physicians of seven different specialties who attended 25,300 beneficiaries wrote such prescriptions. RESULTS: A total of 30,889 assorted medications were prescribed to 5,533 patients with the above diagnoses. Antibiotics were prescribed for 77.5% of all diagnoses, ranging from 58% for pharyngitis to 91% for laryngitis. The most frequently used antibiotics were: penicillin, cephalosporins, and macrolides. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents the information of antibiotics prescription practices for URI in a pre-paid health plan in Mexico. These findings may be used to support specific campaigns for rational use of antibiotics among children attended at private ambulatory health care practices.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12870416&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
Nurs Res. 1999 Jan-Feb;48(1):20-8.
Psychometric properties of the functional performance inventory in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Leidy NK.
Center for Health Outcomes Research, MEDTAP International, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
BACKGROUND: The Functional Performance Inventory (FPI) is a subjective measure of the performance dimension of functional status, based on an explicit analytical framework and the experiences of patients themselves. OBJECTIVES: To describe the conceptual foundation of the instrument, the procedures used to maximize content validity, and the results of the initial psychometric testing of the FPI in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHOD: Items and response structure for the instrument were drawn from the literature and qualitative interviews with 12 men and women with COPD. Twenty-four clinical and scientific experts participated in content validation. To assess the FPI's psychometric characteristics, 154 patients participated in a cross-sectional mail survey; 54 took part in a 2-week reproducibility assessment. Forty relatives were also included in validity testing. RESULTS: The instrument was internally consistent (alpha = .96) and reproducible (ICC = .85). Validity was evident in the significant (p < .001) correlations found between the FPI total score and the Functional Status Questionnaire (activities of daily living, r = .68; instrumental activities of daily living, r = .68), Duke Activity Status Index (r = .61), Bronchitis-Emphysema Symptom Checklist (r = -.59), Basic Need Satisfaction Inventory (r = .61), and Cantril's Ladder of Life Satisfaction (r = .63). The relationship between patient FPI score and relative perception of functioning, using the Katz Adjustment Scale for Relatives, was also significant (socially expected activities, r = .53; free-time activities, r = .49, p < .01). The instrument discriminated between patients with severe and moderate levels of perceived severity and activity limitation (t = 8.52, p <.001) and patients with FEV1 greater than and less than 1.0 liter (t = 4.25, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that the FPI is a useful measure of functional performance in patients with COPD. Further development of the spiritual activities and work and school domains is in order, as is additional study of the instrument's responsiveness to change.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10029398&dopt=Abstract
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2003 Jun;206(3):173-9.
Redecoration of apartments promotes obstructive bronchitis in atopy risk infants--results of the LARS Study.
Diez U, Rehwagen M, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Wetzig H, Schulz R, Richter M, Lehmann I, Borte M, Herbarth O.
Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Human Exposure Research and Epidemiology, Permoser Strasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. diexpo.ufz.de
Findings by other authors indicate that exposure to chemical emissions from indoor paint is related to asthma symptoms in adults. In their first years of life children are receptive to obstructive airway diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of redecoration of the apartment on airway symptoms in infants during the first two years of life. The Leipzig Allergy Risk Children Study (LARS) is a birth cohort study with the following inclusion criteria: double positive family atopy anamnesis, cord blood IgE > 0.9 kU/l, or low birth weight between 1500-2500 g. Within the context of LARS, 186 parents of risk children completed a questionnaire on the respiratory symptoms of their children and the redecoration of their apartment at the end of the first and second year of life. A total 22% of the children suffered from obstructive bronchitis once or more during their first year, and 11% experienced this condition during their second year of life. Redecoration of the apartment had a significant influence on the appearance of obstructive bronchitis in the first (OR 4.1 95% CI 1.4-11.9) and in the second year of life (OR 4.2 95% CI 1.4-12.9). (The OR are adjusted for cord blood-IgE > 0.9 kU/l, birth weight < or = 2500 g, male sex and double positive parental atopy anamnesis, dampness, smoking or pet in the apartment). Simultaneous contamination from redecoration activities and additional exposures such as smoking, a pet or dampness in the apartment increased the risk for obstructive bronchitis in the first year (OR 9.1; 95% CI 2.3-34.8) as well as in the second year (OR 5.1; 95% CI 1.6-15.6). Our data suggest that redecoration of the apartment is associated with the development of acute inflammations, but not with a chronic influence on the airways in atopy risk infants. At an exposure to more than one environmental factor, pronounced effects were seen.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12872525&dopt=Abstract
Chin Med J (Engl). 2003 Apr;116(4):514-6.
Beta-carotene protects rats against bronchitis induced by cigarette smoking.
Pang B, Wang C, Weng X, Tang X, Zhang H, Niu S, Mao Y, Xin P, Huang X, Zhang H, Zhu J.
Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospita, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100020, China.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of beta-carotene in rats against the development of chronic bronchitis induced by cigarette smoking. METHODS: Forty-two Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three study groups: (1) control (n = 15), animals underwent no treatment; (2) cigarette smoking (n = 15), animals developed chronic bronchitis through long-term cigarette smoking twice a day for 75 d; (3) beta-carotene plus cigarette smoking animals (n = 12) were given 1 ml or 15 mg/kg beta-carotene orally every day just before cigarette smoking. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, NO, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipoperoxide (LPO) in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were measured and the pathological changes to lung tissue were analyzed using light microscopy. RESULTS: Long-term cigarette smoking caused an obvious increase in the amount of IL-6, IL-8 and LPO and a sharp decrease in the levels of NO and SOD in smoking animals compared to controls. beta-carotene intake reversed all the changes induced by smoking and alleviated the pathological changes caused by chronic bronchitis. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative oral intake of beta-carotene had protective effects against chronic bronchitis induced by long-term cigarette smoking, which was associated with the increased production of NO, the clearance of some oxidative free radicals (OFR) and the alleviation of chronic inflammation.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12875713&dopt=Abstract
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