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Interferon research abs 1 ||
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hair related research references ||
testosterone related research references ||
melanin related research references ||
caffeine related research references ||
nicotine related research references
Ann Neurol. 2000 Oct;48(4):632-40.
Seizures accelerate anoxia-induced neuronal death in the neonatal rat hippocampus.
Dzhala V, Ben-Ari Y, Khazipov R.
INMED-INSERM U29, Epilepsie et Ischemie Cerebrale, Marseille, France.
Seizures occurring in infants with hypoxia are frequently associated with an ominous prognosis. There is, however, no direct evidence that seizures are involved in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced neuronal damage. Here, we report that seizures significantly aggravate the hypoxic state by accelerating rapid anoxic depolarization (AD) and associated neuronal death in preparations of the intact hippocampus of neonatal rats in vitro. Under control conditions, prolonged episodes of anoxia/aglycemia induced rapid suppression of synaptic activity followed sequentially by brief bursts of epileptiform activity and then by rapid AD. AD was associated with irreversible neuronal damage manifested by irreversible loss of the membrane potential, synaptic responses, and neuronal degeneration. Aggravation of electrographic seizure activity during anoxic episodes by the adenosine A1 receptor antagonists DPCPX and caffeine or the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A receptor antagonist bicuculline or pretreatment with 4-aminopyridine accelerated AD and associated neuronal death by up to twofold, whereas blockade of seizure activity by the glutamate receptor antagonists or tetrodotoxin significantly delayed the onset of AD. This report provides direct evidence for the need to prevent seizures during neonatal brain hypoxia.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11026447&dopt=Abstract
Cell Signal. 2000 Aug;12(8):573-81.
Crosstalk between cytosolic pH and intracellular calcium in human lymphocytes: effect of 4-aminopyridin, ammoniun chloride and ionomycin.
Cabado AG, Alfonso A, Vieytes MR, Gonzalez M, Botana MA, Botana LM.
Departamento de Fisiologia, E-27002, Universidad Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
Stimulation of lymphocytes by specific antigens is followed by the activation of different signal transduction mechanisms, such as alterations in the cytoplasmic levels of Ca(2+), H(+) and variations in membrane potential. To study interrelationships among these parameters, changes in pHi and Ca(2+) were measured with the fluorescent probes BCECF and Fura-2 in freshly isolated blood human lymphocytes. Moreover, membrane potential qualitative alterations were recorded with the fluorescent dye bis-oxonol. In a bicarbonate-free medium, cell alkalinization with NH(4)Cl slightly decreased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) due to efflux of Ca(2+) from the cell. In contrast, an elevation of pHi induced with 4-AP increased [Ca(2+)](i), either in the presence or absence of external Ca(2+). The increase in Ca(2+)-free medium is likely to be due to Ca(2+) release from thapsigargin and caffeine-independent intracellular stores. Both 4-AP or NH(4)Cl induced a plasma membrane depolarisation, although with different kinetics. The ionosphere ionomycin increased pHi, Ca(2+) levels and also induced membrane depolarisation. Together, these observations demonstrate a lack of correlation between the magnitude of changes in pHi and Ca(2+).
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11027951&dopt=Abstract
Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2000 Oct;26(10):1059-65.
A high-performance liquid chromatography assay for yohimbine HCl analysis.
Mittal S, Alexander KS, Dollimore D.
College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
The analysis used yohimbine HCl solution prepared from commercially available yohimbine HCl powder. Stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay procedures were established and utilized to analyze the concentration of the drug. The method proved to be a simple model since it does not contain a buffer system. The mobile phase used, a methanol:water 70:30 ratio, was similar to that suggested by the manufacturer for the storage of the column. Therefore, the solvent system saves analytical processing time since it does not require a change in the mobile phase before and after the analysis. The analytical method has been shown to be stability indicating. The assay method showed a retention time for yohimbine of 4.2 min; for caffeine, the internal standard, it was 2.3 min. The standard deviation and the coefficient of variation were under acceptable limits of 2% and were specifically 1.51% and 1.35% for within-day and between-day samples, respectively. The results showed that the degradation products obtained from stressing yohimbine HCl by heat and extremes in pH did not interfere with the yohimbine HCl peak, although the internal standard, caffeine, did show some interference due to having a retention time similar to the degradation products.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11028220&dopt=Abstract
Like developmental biology of any part of our body, hair growth is a complicated process. Hence the homework for
modern science to yet unravel the process and mechanism to a completion. There exist a number of traditional and alternative therapeutic methods that include drugs, surgery, suppelements, and even snake oils that have been developed and used for those who lose hair.
No understanding, and there is no solution. Of course, none of these approaches are perfect for all hair loss problems, especially due to the heterogeneity of the causes underlying hair losses. Most of chemical drugs and hair transplantation surgeries are accompanied by undesirable side effects.
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