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J Ethnopharmacol. 2000 Nov;73(1-2):87-93.
Pharmacological basis for the use of peach leaves in constipation.

Gilani AH, Aziz N, Ali SM, Saeed M.

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Aga Khan University Medical College, 74800, Karachi, Pakistan. anwar.gilanku.edu

The aqueous crude extract (PPL.Cr) of peach leaves (Prunus persica) was studied for the possible presence of gut stimulatory constituent(s) to rationalize the folkloric use of the plant in constipation. PPL.Cr at the dose of 1-10 mg/ml caused a moderate degree of spasmogenic effect in isolated guinea-pig ileum. Pretreatment of the tissue with atropine (1 M) completely abolished the contractile effect of the plant extract similar to that of acetylcholine which is suggestive of a cholinergic mechanism. In isolated rabbit jejunum preparations, PPL.Cr produced a week spasmogenic effect followed by relaxation of the spontaneous contractions at higher doses. Bioassay-directed fractionation revealed that the spasmogenic activity was separated in the aqueous fraction, while the spasmolytic activity was concentrated in the ethyl acetate fraction. When tested against K(+)-induced contraction, both PPL.Cr and its ethyl acetate fraction (PPL.EtAc) caused a dose-dependent inhibition, suggesting calcium channel blockade (CCB). The presence of CCB in peach leaves was confirmed when pretreatment of the tissue with PPL.EtAc caused a dose-dependent rightward shift in the Ca(2+) dose-response curves, similar to that produced by verapamil. These data indicate that the plant contains spasmogenic (cholinomimetic) and spasmolytic (calcium antagonist) constituents, which are concentrated in the aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions, respectively. Furthermore, the laxative effect of the plant reported in the traditional system of medicine may be partially due to the cholinergic action, which was dominant over the spasmolytic component.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11025143&dopt=Abstract

Digestion. 2000;62(2-3):185-93.
Plasma cholecystokinin, plasma peptide YY and gallbladder motility in patients with slow transit constipation: effect of intestinal stimulation.

Mollen RM, Hopman WP, Kuijpers HH, Jansen JB.

Department of Surgery, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Because cholecystokinin and peptide YY are gut hormones with potent effects on gastrointestinal motility, we determined whether abnormalities of cholecystokinin and peptide YY exist in slow transit constipation. METHODS: Plasma concentrations of these hormones before, during and after intraduodenal infusion of a liquid meal in 21 patients with slow transit constipation were compared with the results in 8 healthy controls. RESULTS: Fasting levels of plasma cholecystokinin (3.1+/-0.2 vs. 2.4+/-0.2 pM; p = 0.02) were higher in patients. Basal plasma peptide YY (11.4+/-1.4 vs. 8.9+/-0.7 pM; p = 0.1) tended to be higher in patients. After the meal (60-90 min), incremental cholecystokinin (p<0.05), but not peptide YY, was significantly higher in patients. During intraduodenal infusion of the meal (0-60 min), incremental plasma cholecystokinin (251+/-20 pM.min) and peptide YY (1,146+/-186 pM. min) in patients were almost similar to control values (262+/-22 and 901+/-166 pM. min). Gallbladder volumes before, during and after the meal were not different between the 2 groups. Gastric emptying of a solid meal was delayed in the majority of patients (12 of 18). Abnormalities of plasma cholecystokinin were observed only in patients with delayed gastric emptying. CONCLUSION: Plasma levels of cholecystokinin are elevated in the fasting state and decrease more slowly after stimulation, but maximum release in response to intestinal nutrients is not altered in patients with slow transit constipation. The abnormality seems to be confined to a subgroup of patients with delayed gastric emptying. 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11025367&dopt=Abstract

Arch Intern Med. 2000 Oct 9;160(18):2808-16.
Gastrointestinal tract symptoms among persons with diabetes mellitus in the community.

Maleki D, Locke GR 3rd, Camilleri M, Zinsmeister AR, Yawn BP, Leibson C, Melton LJ 3rd.

Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal (GI) tract symptoms are common among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) seen in tertiary care centers. The degree to which this reflects referral bias is unclear. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether GI tract symptoms are more prevalent in unselected patients with DM from the general community compared with their age- and sex-matched counterparts without DM and to assess the association of GI tract symptoms in persons with DM with psychosomatic symptoms, medication use, and symptoms of autonomic neuropathy. METHODS: In this population-based, cross-sectional study, Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents with type 1 DM, a random sample of residents with type 2 DM, and 2 age- and sex-stratified random samples of nondiabetic residents (total of 1262 person for the 4 groups) were mailed a previously validated symptom questionnaire. RESULTS: Heartburn was less common in residents with type 1 DM vs controls (12% vs 23%; P<.05). No significant difference in prevalence was detected (residents with type 1 DM vs controls; residents with type 2 DM vs controls) for nausea or vomiting (12% vs 11%; 6% vs 6%), dyspepsia (19% vs 21%; 13% vs 17%), or constipation (17% vs 14%; 10% vs 12%). However, constipation and/or laxative use was slightly more common in residents with type 1 DM (27% vs 19%; P<.15), particularly in men, and was associated with the intake of calcium channel blockers. CONCLUSIONS: In the community, the prevalence of most GI tract symptoms is similar in persons with or without DM, except for a lower prevalence of heartburn and an increased prevalence of constipation or laxative use in residents with type 1 DM, especially in men. This difference is associated with calcium channel blocker use rather than symptoms of autonomic neuropathy. In community-based practices, physicians should not immediately assume that GI tract symptoms in patients with DM represent a complication of DM.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11025791&dopt=Abstract

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