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Fatty acids resources:

Fatty acids research abs 1 || Fatty acids research abs 2 || Fatty acids research abs 3 || Fatty acids research abs 4

Br Poult Sci. 2003 May;44(2):316-26.
Insight into the mechanism of short chain fatty acid absorption in the ostrich (Struthio camelus) proximal colon.

Musara C, Chamunorwa J, Holtug K, Skadhauge E.

Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.

1. Occurrence of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in anionic form limits their diffusion across the absorptive membrane. The present study sought to establish the mechanism of SCFA absorption in the ostrich. 2. Epithelial tissues were taken from the sacculated part of the colon and mounted in Ussing chambers in a bathing solution. The tissues were voltage-clamped and allowed to equilibrate to obtain a baseline short circuit current (Isc). 3. Propionate (23 mM) on the mucosal side increased the Isc. The SCFA-induced Isc was completely inhibited by anoxia, ouabain (1 to 2 mM), acetazolamide (0.5 mM) and 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (0.1 mM) on the mucosal side. 4. These findings indicate that SCFA stimulate hydrogen ion secretion through an electrogenic H(+)-K(+)-ATPase, the source of hydrogen ions being carbonic anhydrase catalysed hydration of CO2. 5. Simultaneous activation of Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange prevents intracellular accumulation of bicarbonate ions. This system may provide hydrogen ions for protonation of SCFA anions and subsequent absorption by non-ionic diffusion.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12828218&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]

Zygote. 2003 May;11(2):95-100.
Lipids during Bufo arenarum oogenesis.

Bruzzone A, Buschiazzo J, Alonso TS.

Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas de Bahia Blanca (UNS-CONICET), C.C. 857, B8000FWB Bahia Blanca, Argentina.

The content and composition of phospholipids and triacylglycerols (TAGs) in Bufo arenarum oocytes in stages III and IV of their oogenesis were studied. The total amount of phospholipids in stage IV oocytes is 0.5-fold higher than in stage III oocytes. In both cases, the main phospholipids are phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). A striking observation concerns the high level of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) in stage III oocytes, which could be indicative of a relatively larger mitochondrial population with respect to other oogenetic stages. A net increase in sphingomyelin content was found during oogenesis. This fact could be related to the role of this phospholipid in the signal transductional pathways. In PC, palmitic (16:0), linoleic (18:2) and oleic (18:1) are the major fatty acids for both types of oocytes, while in PE the main acyl groups are 18:1, 16:0, arachidonic acid (20:4n6) and 18:2. PE is more unsaturated than PC and both phospholipids are more unsaturated in stage III oocytes than in stage IV oocytes. The amount of triacylglycerols is 0.3-fold higher in stage IV oocytes than in stage III oocytes. In both stages, the main fatty acids are 18:2, 18:1 and 16:0. During oogenesis, a significant increase in 18:1 and 18:3n3, and a decrease in 18:2 of TAG were found. The unsaturation index of TAGs from stage IV oocytes is higher than that from stage III oocytes. The TAG increase during oogenesis is consistent with the putative use of these lipids as a source of energy in embryo development.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12828408&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]

Br J Nutr. 2003 Jun;89(6):803-10.
Short- and long-term nutritional modulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity in selected tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Rollin X, Medale F, Gutieres S, Blanc D, Kaushik SJ.

Laboratoire de Nutrition des Poissons, Unite Mixte INRA-IFREMER, Station d'Hydrobiologie, BP 3, F-64310 Saint Pee-sur-Nivelle, France.

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACoAC) catalyses the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA into malonyl-CoA. This product plays a pivotal role in the regulation of energy metabolism since it is both a substrate for fatty acid synthesis and an inhibitor of the oxidative pathway. The present study was initiated to analyse the modulation of ACoAC activity in liver and selected extrahepatic tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by dietary changes as a contribution to the understanding of the nutritional control of lipid metabolism in fish. Short-term effects of food intake were studied by measuring ACoAC activity in the liver and dorsal white muscle at different time intervals after a meal. Only slight variations were observed in the muscle during the period 2-72 h after the meal. The long-term effects of an increase in dietary lipids or carbohydrates levels were examined by measuring ACoAC activity in the liver, adipose tissue, intestine, kidney, red muscle, dorsal and ventral white muscles of trout after 3 months of feeding with different diets. ACoAC activity is stimulated by a high-digestible starch diet in the abdominal adipose tissue and the white muscle. A high-lipid diet decreases ACoAC activity in the liver and the intestine, but not in other tissues. Contrary to mammals, a rapid adaptation of ACoAC activity to food supply is not effective in rainbow trout. However, a long-term nutritional control of ACoAC activity does occur in this species, but the target tissue differs with the predominant non-protein energy sources in the diet. The present results suggest the potential existence of two ACoAC isoforms with different tissue distribution as has been observed in mammals and birds.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12828797&dopt=Abstract

J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2003 Jul 15;792(1):63-72.
Selective screening for fatty acid oxidation disorders by tandem mass spectrometry: difficulties in practical discrimination.

Shigematsu Y, Hirano S, Hata I, Tanaka Y, Sudo M, Tajima T, Sakura N, Yamaguchi S, Takayanagi M.

Department of Health Science, School of Nursing, Fukui Medical University, Matsuoka-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan. yosukmsrsa.fukui-med.ac.jp

In a selective screening for fatty acid oxidation disorders by tandem mass spectrometry, we tested the diagnostic ratios and acylcarnitine concentrations in sera or blood spots, which were reported to be specific to very long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency. While the acylcarnitine profiles in the majority of these patients were typical in the respective disorders, some overlapping of the indices was observed between these patients and the infants, who showed symptoms mainly related to hypoglycemia but did not have the disorders mentioned above. Although the diagnostic ratio of tetradecenoylcarnitine to dodecanoylcarnitine for very long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency seemed to minimize the overlapping in this study, additional measures including careful assessment of clinical data and enzyme assays may be necessary for the diagnosis in atypical cases.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12828998&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]

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