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Fatty acids resources:

Fatty acids research abs 1 || Fatty acids research abs 2 || Fatty acids research abs 3 || Fatty acids research abs 4

J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Apr;305(1):225-31.
N-[3-(R)-tetrahydrofuranyl]-6-aminopurine riboside, an A1 adenosine receptor agonist, antagonizes catecholamine-induced lipolysis without cardiovascular effects in awake rats.

Fraser H, Gao Z, Ozeck MJ, Belardinelli L.

CV Therapeutics, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.

Elevated serum nonesterified free fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations are detrimental to both the mechanical and electrical function of the heart. A(1) adenosine receptor agonists are potent and efficacious inhibitors of lipolysis; however, their cardiovascular effects have limited their use to lower serum NEFA. Our objective was to determine whether the antilipolytic effect of N-[3-(R)-tetrahydrofuranyl]-6-aminopurine riboside (CVT-510), an A(1) agonist, could be distinguished from its bradycardia effect and demonstrated in rats with normal or elevated serum NEFA. Rats were instrumented with telemetry transmitters for continuous recording of heart rate, and catheterized, for delivery of drugs and blood sampling. CVT-510 caused a rapid and sustained dose-dependent decrease in NEFA at doses that did not cause bradycardia (2, 5, and 20 micro g/kg). Significant bradycardia was observed at 50 micro g/kg. Norepinephrine (NE) increased NEFA from 0.5 +/- 0.01 to 0.9 +/- 0.2 mM and this effect lasted for 2 h. CVT-510 (10 micro g/kg) given at 40 min postinjection of NE reversed the rise in NEFA (69% reduction). When CVT-510 (20 micro g/kg) was given 15 min before a 30-min long infusion of NE, the lipolytic response to NE was prevented. To mimic the antilipolytic effect of CVT-510 in awake rats, hearts were perfused with palmitate at concentrations similar to those observed in the in vivo studies (0.8 and 0.2 mM), which decreased myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO(2)) by 11%. Thus, CVT-510 at doses > or =5-fold lower than those that slow heart rate caused a marked and sustained lowering of normal or elevated NEFA, that when mimicked in vitro decreased MVO(2) and would be expected to improve cardiac efficiency.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12649373&dopt=Abstract

Nahrung. 2000 Dec;44(6):431-3.
Alteration of fatty acid composition, tocopherol content and peroxide value in margarine during storage at various temperatures.

Nogala-Kalucka M, Gogolewski M.

August Cieszkowski Agricultural University, Faculty of Food Technology, Department of Food Biochemistry and Food Analysis, Mazowiecka 48, PL-60-623 Poznan, Poland.

Changes occurring in margarine stored at 4 and 20 degrees C were studied during the guarantee period declared by the producer (136 days). Fatty acid composition of triacylglycerols, homologous tocopherols, energetic value, peroxide value and water content were determined. It was stated that the composition of fatty acids and percentage of essential fatty acids (EFA) did not change significantly by time until the peroxide value reached the standard (4 mmol O2/kg). With peroxide values up to 5.5 considerable decomposition of tocopherols took place: alpha-tocopherol 50%, gamma-tocopherol 47% and delta-tocopherol 37%. The vitamin E content (34 i.u.), the EFA content (23%) and their physiological advantageous mutual relationship (Harris coefficient 1.44), which undergo slight changes during storage at 4 degrees C for the guarantee period, allowed to consider the studied margarine as a nutritionally valuable foodstuff. However, during storage at 20 degrees C, when the oxidation is accelerated, the margarine quickly loses its nutritive value. The energetic value of the margarine was lower than that of the products defined as margarine (more than 80% of fat, about 3200 kJ), and it amounted to 3029 kJ. It slightly decreased during storage of the margarine.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11190840&dopt=Abstract

Nahrung. 2000 Dec;44(6):434-7.
The effects of growing conditions on oil content, fatty acid composition and tocopherol content of some sunflower varieties produced in Turkey.

Alpaslan M, Gunduz H.

Innonu University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Malatya, Turkey.

The properties of some extensively cultivated sunflower seed varieties in Turkey and their oils were investigated. 1991-1992 crop year sunflower varieties harvested from Trakya University, Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, Experiment field of Crop Science Department were used as research materials. The oil content, fatty acid composition and tocopherol content of sunflower seeds in 1991 and 1992 crop years were determined as 44.2-51.2% (on dry weight basis), 43.0-51.5% (on dry weight basis); oleic acid 14.8-18.5%, 32.9-40.1%; linoleic acid 69.5-74.5%, 49.7-55.7% and tocopherol content (as alpha-tocopherol) 648-860 mg/kg, 524-880 mg/kg, respectively. It was determined that the growing conditions significantly affected the fatty acid compositions of sunflower varieties studied. While the oleic acid content of the 1992 crop increased, the linoleic acid content of the same crop decreased compared to the 1991 crop.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11190841&dopt=Abstract

JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2001 Jan-Feb;25(1):9-13.
Phagocytosis and killing of Candida albicans by human neutrophils after exposure to structurally different lipid emulsions.

Wanten GJ, Curfs JH, Meis JF, Naber AH.

Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center St. Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

BACKGROUND: To test the hypothesis that structurally different lipid emulsions have distinct immune-modulating properties, we analyzed the elimination of Candida albicans by neutrophils after exposure to various emulsions. METHODS: Neutrophils from 8 volunteers were incubated in physiologic 5 mmol/L emulsions containing long-chain- (LCT), medium-chain- (MCT), mixed LCT/MCT-, alpha-tocopherol-enriched LCT/MCT (LCT/MCT-E), or structured lipids (SL). After washing, the neutrophils were incubated with C. albicans. Phagocytosis was measured as the number of yeast-associated neutrophils relative to the total neutrophil count. Killing was expressed as the percentage of Candida survival relative to the initial yeast cell count. RESULTS: No significant differences in yeast-neutrophil association could be demonstrated after neutrophil incubation in various lipid emulsions or medium, after correction for non-specific adhesion. However, although Candida survival after 1 hour incubation with non-lipid-exposed neutrophils amounted to 53% +/- 11% and was not influenced by LCT (60% +/- 11%), LCT/MCT (78% +/- 7%), LCT/MCT-E (72% +/- 12%), and SL (67% +/- 6%), pure MCT (70% +/- 13%) significantly impaired the killing capacity of neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS: The decreased killing capacity of neutrophils after exposure to medium-chain fatty acid-containing emulsions and the absence of this effect with LCT suggest that lipid emulsions influence the elimination of C. albicans depending on the triglyceride chain length.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11190991&dopt=Abstract

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