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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs || Tuberculosis research abs || Pneumonia research abs || Constipation research abs || Laxative research abs || hair research abs

Brain. 2003 Jul;126(Pt 7):1579-89. Epub 2003 Apr 22.
Inverse U-shaped curve for age dependency of torsional eye movement responses to galvanic vestibular stimulation.

Jahn K, Naessl A, Schneider E, Strupp M, Brandt T, Dieterich M.

MD Department of Neurology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany. Klaus.Jahrz.uni-muenchen.de

To investigate age dependent changes we analysed torsional eye movement responses to binaural and monaural galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) in 57 healthy subjects (20-69 years old). GVS (1-3 mA) induced torsional eye movements consisting of static torsion toward the anode (amplitude 1-6 degrees ) and superimposed torsional nystagmus (slow phase velocity 0.5-3 degrees /s, quick phase amplitude 0.5-2 degrees, nystagmus frequency 0.75-1.5 s-1). Static ocular torsion and torsional nystagmus increased from the third to the sixth decade and decreased in older subjects, e.g. slow phase velocity increased from 1.5 degrees /s (20-29 years) to 2.9 degrees /s (50-59 years) and decreased to 2.5 degrees /s for the seventh decade (60-69 years). Thus, an inverse U-shaped curve was found for the dependence of torsional eye movement responses on age. All structures relevant for vestibular function degenerate with age, but at varying times. Since hair cell loss precedes those seen in the vestibular nerve and Scarpa's ganglion, the decrease in hair cell counts could be compensated for by increased sensitivity of afferent nerve fibres or central mechanisms. Increased sensitivity could thus maintain normal function despite reduced peripheral input. As GVS acts at the vestibular nerve (thereby bypassing the hair cells), electrical stimulation should be more efficient in subjects with the beginning of hair cell degeneration, as seen in our data up to the sixth decade. The degeneration of nerve fibres, ganglion cells and central neurons becomes evident at older ages. Thus, the compensatory increase in sensitivity breaks down and GVS-induced eye movements decline-a finding that is reflected by the inverse U-shaped curve for age dependency presented in this study.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12805121&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]

EMBO J. 2003 Jun 16;22(12):2981-91.
Phospholipase Cdelta1 is required for skin stem cell lineage commitment.

Nakamura Y, Fukami K, Yu H, Takenaka K, Kataoka Y, Shirakata Y, Nishikawa S, Hashimoto K, Yoshida N, Takenawa T.

Department of Biochemistry, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.

Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) is a key enzyme in phosphoinositide turnover and is involved in a variety of physiological functions. Here we report that PLCdelta(1)-deficient mice undergo progressive hair loss in the first postnatal hair cycle. Epidermal hyperplasia was observed, and many hairs in the skin of PLCdelta(1)-deficient mice failed to penetrate the epidermis and became zigzagged owing to occlusion of the hair canal. Two major downstream signals of PLC, calcium elevation and protein kinase C activation, were impaired in the keratinocytes and skin of PLCdelta(1)-deficient mice. In addition, many cysts that had remarkable similarities to interfollicular epidermis, as well as hyperplasia of sebaceous glands, were observed. Furthermore, PLCdelta(1)-deficient mice developed spontaneous skin tumors that had characteristics of both interfollicular epidermis and sebaceous glands. From these results, we conclude that PLCdelta(1) is required for skin stem cell lineage commitment.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12805213&dopt=Abstract

J Neurosci. 2003 Jun 1;23(11):4395-400.
Math1 gene transfer generates new cochlear hair cells in mature guinea pigs in vivo.

Kawamoto K, Ishimoto S, Minoda R, Brough DE, Raphael Y.

Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0648, USA.

Hair cell loss in the mammalian cochlea is irreversible and results in permanent hearing loss. Math1, the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor homolog of the Drosophila atonal gene, is a positive regulator of hair cell differentiation during cochlear development. Developing hair cells express Math1, and nonsensory cells do not. We set out to determine the outcome of overexpression of Math1 in nonsensory cells of the cochlea on the phenotype of these cells. We demonstrate that in vivo inoculation of adenovirus with the Math1 gene insert into the endolymph of the mature guinea pig cochlea results in Math1 overexpression in nonsensory cochlear cells, as evident from the presence of Math1 protein in supporting cells of the organ of Corti and in adjacent nonsensory epithelial cells. Math1 overexpression leads to the appearance of immature hair cells in the organ of Corti and new hair cells adjacent to the organ of Corti in the interdental cell, inner sulcus, and Hensen cell regions. Axons are extended from the bundle of auditory nerve toward some of the new hair cells, suggesting that the new cells attract auditory neurons. We conclude that nonsensory cells in the mature cochlea retain the competence to generate new hair cells after overexpression of Math1 in vivo and that Math1 is necessary and sufficient to direct hair cell differentiation in these mature nonsensory cells.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12805278&dopt=Abstract

Vet Parasitol. 2003 Feb 13;111(2-3):231-9.
Survey of ixodid tick species on domestic cats in Japan.

Shimada Y, Inokuma H, Beppu T, Okuda M, Onishi T.

Merial Japan Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.

Various species of ixodid ticks, attached to domestic cats in Japan, were identified in spring (April to June) and autumn (September to November). In the spring, a total of 282 ticks, including 61 larvae, 70 nymphs, 127 females and 24 males were collected from 126 cats. Of these, 264 were identified up to the species level. In the spring, Haemaphysalis longicornis was the most frequently (39.7%, 50/126) found tick species on feline hosts, followed by Ixodes ovatus (35.0%, 44/126), Ixodes nipponensis (15.9%, 20/126) and Haemaphysalis flava (9.5%, 12/126). Small numbers of Haemaphysalis megaspinosa, Haemaphysalis japonica, Ixodes persulcatus, Ixodes granulatus and Amblyomma testudinarium were also recovered. H. longicornis was the most frequently found tick species on cats around riversides or river basins, while I. ovatus and I. nipponensis were more frequently found on cats kept near woodland or related areas. I. nipponensis was more frequently found on castrated males. No major statistical differences in the frequency of tick attachment among sex, age or hair length for the three major tick species were found. Of 205 ticks including 173 (84.4%) larvae, 27 (13.2%) nymphs, 4 (2.0%) females and 1 (0.5%) male recovered from 62 cats in autumn, only 32 (15.6%) were identified. Most of the larvae were fully- or partly-engorged Haemaphysalis spp., and it was difficult to identify them further by morphological characterization.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12531297&dopt=Abstract

Like developmental biology of any part of our body, hair growth is a complicated process. Hence the homework for modern science to yet unravel the process and mechanism to a completion. There exist a number of traditional and alternative therapeutic methods that include drugs, surgery, suppelements, and even snake oils that have been developed and used for those who lose hair. No understanding, and there is no solution. Of course, none of these approaches are perfect for all hair loss problems, especially due to the heterogeneity of the causes underlying hair losses. Most of chemical drugs and hair transplantation surgeries are accompanied by undesirable side effects.

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