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Interferon research abs 1 ||
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hair research abs
J Comp Physiol [A]. 2000 Nov;186(11):1041-8.
Context dependency of a limb withdrawal reflex in the caterpillar Manduca sexta.
Belanger JH, Bender KJ, Trimmer BA.
Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford MA 02155, USA. jimsu.edu
The proleg withdrawal reflex in the caterpillar Manduca sexta is a robust, well-characterized system for investigating the integration of sensory information with centrally patterned behavior. The reflex is evoked by stimulating mechanosensory hairs--planta hairs--located at the tip of each proleg. We studied the expression of this reflex by combining video recordings and electromyographic recordings from the main retractor muscles of the proleg, the principal and accessory planta retractor muscles. In intact animals, the nature of the response depended on the motor context of the animal. Animals which were standing quietly showed great variability in both the kinematic properties of proleg withdrawal, and the corresponding muscle electrical activity. Animals which were hanging upside down from a wooden dowel exhibited a much faster reflex, with retraction of the proleg occurring slightly faster than in standing animals, but re-extension of the proleg to the substrate being considerably faster. In crawling animals, expression of the reflex depended on the phase of the crawling cycle during which stimulation occurred. The reflex in a given proleg was suppressed during stance phase of that proleg. During swing phase, however, planta hair stimulation evoked proleg withdrawal, resulting in an assistance reflex. In contrast. isolated abdomens showed much less variability in the reflex. A comparison of the relationship between retractor muscle activity and the resulting proleg movement showed significant correlations between both the duration of activity and the number of muscle spikes, and the size of the associated proleg withdrawal. This is a promising system in which to investigate how central neuronal circuits accomplish context-dependency of motor behavior.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11195280&dopt=Abstract
Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003 Mar;19(2):154-5.
Proptosis after hair pulling.
Yip CC, McCulley TJ, Kersten RC, Kulwin DR.
Cincinnati Eye Institute and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A.
We describe proptosis due to a subperiosteal orbital hematoma that originated from a subgaleal bleed caused by hair pulling. A 13-year-old boy presented with a one-week history of progressive proptosis after his older sister pulled his hair during an argument. Computerized tomography showed a subgaleal hematoma and a right superior subperiosteal orbital hematoma. Progressive proptosis and compressive optic neuropathy developed, necessitating surgical evacuation with a favorable outcome.Hair pulling can result in a subgaleal bleed with extension to the orbital subperiosteal space. When managing patients with a subgaleal hematoma, this vision-threatening complication should be considered and treated accordingly.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12644765&dopt=Abstract
J Comp Physiol [A]. 2000 Nov;186(11):1095-106.
Stereocilium injury mediates hair bundle stiffness loss and recovery following intense water-jet stimulation.
Duncan RK, Saunders JC.
Department of Bioengineering, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA. rkduncame.jhu.edu
Inner ear hair cells exhibit many pathologies following exposure to intense sound, and the hair bundle is a major site of damage. This paper measures in vitro hair bundle motion on chick cochlear hair cells after intense in vitro and in vivo stimulation to explore the nature of hair bundle injury. Hair bundle stiffness, as well as relative and asymmetric motion of individual stereocilia, is controlled largely by the extracellular tip links, and a change in hair bundle motion was used to assess tip-link destruction following overstimulation. Intense in vitro stimulation caused a loss in stiffness that fully recovered within 10 min post-exposure. Relative and asymmetric stereocilia motion, however, were unchanged following the exposure, implying that tip links remained intact while the core or rootlet of the stereocilia were damaged and subsequently repaired. Intense and prolonged in vivo sound exposures produced stereocilia movements, measured in vitro, that were indicative of damage to stereocilia and tip links. Finally, the relative susceptibility of hair bundles to overstimulation was addressed by comparing stiffness loss with morphological features in the hair bundles. The loss of stiffness significantly increased as the amount of curvature in the hair bundle contour increased.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11195285&dopt=Abstract
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2001 Jan 15;218(2):238-42.
Outbreaks of clinical mastitis caused by Trichosporon beigelii in dairy herds.
Gonzalez RN, Wilson DJ, Sickles SA, Zurakowski MJ, Weybrecht PM, Walsh AK.
Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
Trichosporon beigelii is widely distributed in nature and is classically associated with white piedra, a mycosis that may involve the hair of the human body. Intramammary infections caused by T beigelii may be fatal in cows; the prevalence in affected dairy herds may be high. Affected cows may have hyperthermia, swelling of the udder, and substantially decreased milk production or agalactia. Intramammary infections caused by yeast, including T beigelii, may also be associated with high bacterial counts in bulk-tank milk.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11195831&dopt=Abstract
The most ostensive feature that distinguishes us human from chimps and other primates is the lack of bodily hair. During evolutionary process, we have lost the majority of hair. Hair is no longer an essential part of our body, just like appendix. What little hair we still have on our scalp and a few other bodily parts is still regarded as significant for reasons other than biological necessity. Hair loss is naturally accompanied by aging process, although the extent of hair loss and the timing of onset vary widely among individuals. Thus, loss of hair and baldness is considered as a symbol of maturity or old age. Like winkles and other signs of aging, hair loss is not welcome by most people, because we don't welcome aging, and being perceived as an aging person. However, it is alopecia, or premature hair loss that especially concerns certain people.
Hair Million is a blend of Asian herbs that wards off hair loss and promotes hair growth. Of various approaches to hair restoration, Hair Million offers advantages including low cost compared with other methods or drugs, and safety, because it is made of safe and healthy herbs.
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