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Milk thistle||Saw palmetto||
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Ginseng and Ginkgo||Hair Million||
DHEA||Coenzyme Q10||
Sleep Aid herbal formula - natural sleep aid||Herbal Breath - herbs for bad breath problems.||
Weight loss herbal formula||Ginkgo biloba||
Colon cleansing, Laxative for constipation relief, laxative, and colon cleansing||ViaVita, Lecithin for healthy liver
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hair research abs
J Anat. 2002 May;200(5):477-85.
Immunohistochemical localization of BDNF-, TrkB- and TrkA-like proteins in the teleost lateral line system.
Germana A, Catania S, Cavallaro M, Gonzalez-Martinez T, Ciriaco E, Hannestad J, Vega JA.
Dipartimento di Morfologia, Biochimica, Fisiologia e Produzione Animale Universita di Messina, Italy.
The lateral line system, formed of both superficial (pit organs) and canal neuromasts, is one of the major mechanosensory systems in fish. It has always been assumed that this system depends on neurotrophins and their cognate Trk receptors for development and maintenance, as has been shown in other mechanosensitive systems of vertebrates. However, until nowthis issue has not been specifically addressed. In this study we used immunohistochemistry to investigate the occurrence and localization both of neurotrophins (NGF-, BDNF- and NT-3-like) and of Trk-like proteins (TrkA-, TrkB-, TrkC-like) in alevins of Salmo salar and S. trutta. All cells in the pit organs of S. salar displayed strong immunoreactivity for TrkB-like and BDNF-like, whereas they were restricted to the hair cells in S. trutta. The hair, supporting and mantle cells of S. salar, and the mantle cells of S. trutta, also expressed TrkA-like immunoreactivity. In the canal neuromasts BDNF-, TrkA- and TrkB-like proteins were present in all cells, without differences between species. NGF-, NT-3- and TrkC-like immunoreactivity were never detected. The present results suggest that mechanoreceptive hair cells, as well as supporting cells, in the lateral line system are under the control of the BDNF-TrkB-like complex, and probably of ligands of TrkA-like receptors.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12090394&dopt=Abstract
Development. 2002 Jul;129(14):3349-57.
Neural crest progenitors of the melanocyte lineage: coat colour patterns revisited.
Wilkie AL, Jordan SA, Jackson IJ.
MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
Neural crest-derived melanoblasts are the progenitors of melanocytes, the pigment cells of the skin, hair and choroid. Previous studies of adult chimaeric mice carrying different coat colour markers have suggested that the total melanocyte population is derived from a small number of melanoblast progenitors, each of which generates a discrete unilateral transverse band of colour. This work also suggested minimal mixing of cells between clones. We have used two complementary approaches to assess the behaviour of migrating clones of melanoblasts directly in the developing embryo. First, we made aggregation chimaeras between transgenic Dct-lacZ and non-transgenic embryos, in which lacZ is a marker for melanoblasts. Second, we generated transgenic mice carrying a modified lacZ reporter construct containing a 289 base pair duplication (laacZ) under the control of the Dct promoter. The laacZ transgene is normally inactive, but reverts to wild-type lacZ at low frequency, labelling a cell and all of its progeny at random. Mosaic embryos containing labelled melanoblast clones were generated. In contrast to previous data, chimaeric and mosaic embryonic melanoblast patterns suggest that: (1) there is a large number of melanoblast progenitors; (2) there is a pool of melanoblasts in the cervical region; (3) different cell dispersion mechanisms may operate in the head and trunk regions; and (4) there is extensive axial mixing between clones.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12091305&dopt=Abstract
Development. 2002 Jul;129(14):3493-503.
Planar cell polarization requires Widerborst, a B' regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A.
Hannus M, Feiguin F, Heisenberg CP, Eaton S.
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse-108, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
We have identified widerborst (wdb), a B' regulatory subunit of PP2A, as a conserved component of planar cell polarization mechanisms in both Drosophila and in zebrafish. In Drosophila, wdb acts at two steps during planar polarization of wing epithelial cells. It is required to organize tissue polarity proteins into proximal and distal cortical domains, thus determining wing hair orientation. It is also needed to generate the polarized membrane outgrowth that becomes the wing hair. Widerborst activates the catalytic subunit of PP2A and localizes to the distal side of a planar microtubule web that lies at the level of apical cell junctions. This suggests that polarized PP2A activation along the planar microtubule web is important for planar polarization. In zebrafish, two wdb homologs are required for convergent extension during gastrulation, supporting the conjecture that Drosophila planar cell polarization and vertebrate gastrulation movements are regulated by similar mechanisms.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12091318&dopt=Abstract
Development. 2002 Jul;129(14):3523-32.
Hearing loss caused by progressive degeneration of cochlear hair cells in mice deficient for the Barhl1 homeobox gene.
Li S, Price SM, Cahill H, Ryugo DK, Shen MM, Xiang M.
Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 679 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
The cochlea of the mammalian inner ear contains three rows of outer hair cells and a single row of inner hair cells. These hair cell receptors reside in the organ of Corti and function to transduce mechanical stimuli into electrical signals that mediate hearing. To date, the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of these delicate sensory hair cells are unknown. We report that targeted disruption of Barhl1, a mouse homolog of the Drosophila BarH homeobox genes, results in severe to profound hearing loss, providing a unique model for the study of age-related human deafness disorders. Barhl1 is expressed in all sensory hair cells during inner ear development, 2 days after the onset of hair cell generation. Loss of Barhl1 function in mice results in age-related progressive degeneration of both outer and inner hair cells in the organ of Corti, following two reciprocal longitudinal gradients. Our data together indicate an essential role for Barhl1 in the long-term maintenance of cochlear hair cells, but not in the determination or differentiation of these cells.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12091321&dopt=Abstract
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