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Clin Chem. 2002 Jun;48(6 Pt 1):928-33.
Longitudinal concentrations of vitamin B(12) and vitamin B(12)-binding proteins during uncomplicated pregnancy.

Koebnick C, Heins UA, Dagnelie PC, Wickramasinghe SN, Ratnayaka ID, Hothorn T, Pfahlberg AB, Hoffmann I, Lindemans J, Leitzmann C.

Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. koebnicail.dife.de

BACKGROUND: Because reference values for vitamin B(12) concentrations and vitamin B(12)-binding capacities for pregnant women have not been established, the reference values for nonpregnant women are often applied to assess vitamin B(12) status. The aim of the present study was to describe ranges of biochemical indices of vitamin B(12) status, including red blood cell (RBC) vitamin B(12), saturated and unsaturated cobalamin-binding proteins, and binding capacities in all trimesters of uncomplicated pregnancy. METHODS: A total of 39 healthy pregnant women with long-term daily intake of vitamin B(12) >2.6 microg/day and uncomplicated pregnancies participated in the study throughout their pregnancies. RBCs and serum vitamin B(12), holo-haptocorrin, unsaturated cobalamin-binding proteins, unsaturated and total vitamin B(12)-binding capacities, total homocysteine (tHcy), and RBC count were assessed in weeks 9-12, 20-22, and 36-38 of gestation. RESULTS: Significant changes in vitamin B(12) status occurred in the course of pregnancy. Serum vitamin B(12) concentrations and percentage of saturation of vitamin B(12)-binding proteins decreased steadily throughout pregnancy. In the third trimester, 35% of the participants had serum vitamin B(12) concentrations <150 pmol/L and 68.6% had <15% saturation of total vitamin B(12)-binding capacities, but no women had RBC vitamin B(12) concentrations <148 pmol/L. However, the decrease in these indices was not associated with reduced hemoglobin concentrations or RBC count or with increased tHcy concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the reference values for vitamin B(12) status in nonpregnant women may not be applicable to pregnant women.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12029010&dopt=Abstract

Mol Cell Biochem. 2002 Mar;232(1-2):81-5.
Methemoglobin reductase activity and in vitro sensitivity towards oxidant induced methemoglobinemia in swiss mice and beagle dogs erythrocytes.

Srivastava S, Alhomida AS, Siddiqi NJ, Puri SK, Pandey VC.

Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.

The NADH methemoglobin-reductase (EC 1.6.2.2) is mainly responsible for the maintenance of hemoglobin in its reduced and active state. The present study reveals the comparative status of this enzyme in normal Beagle dogs, rats, mice, mastomys and hamsters erythrocytes. The spectrophotometric and electrophoretic determinations showed that the above mentioned enzyme was deficient in the Beagle dog's erythrocytes. Furthermore, in vitro studies on the sensitivity of these rodents and Beagle dogs hemolysate towards oxidants, like primaquine and sodium nitrate, depicted a higher level of methemoglobin formation in the Beagle dogs hemolysate as compared to that of the rodent species. The deficiency of methemoglobin reductase in Beagle dogs erythrocytes could be responsible for their increased sensitivity towards oxidant induced methemoglobinemia.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12030383&dopt=Abstract

J Endocrinol Invest. 2002 Apr;25(4):338-44.
Osteoporosis and beta-thalassemia major: role of the IGF-I/IGFBP-III axis.

Lasco A, Morabito N, Gaudio A, Crisafulli A, Meo A, Denuzzo G, Frisina N.

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Messina, Italy. alascnime.it

Patients with beta-thalassaemia major are susceptible to osteopenia due to several factors which interfere with bone remodeling. It is known that bone metabolism and skeletal consolidation result from a complex sequence of hormonal changes, where the concerted actions of GH, IGF-I and sex hormones and their receptors, are responsible for the timing and attainment of skeletal consolidation. IGF-I and the corresponding binding protein (IGFBP-III), markers of bone metabolism and lumbar and femoral neck BMD were measured in 28 adult patients, undergoing hormonal replacement and chelation therapy and a hypertransfusion program, with beta-thalassaemia major (12 males with mean age 22.5+/-3.1 and 16 females with mean age 27.5+/-8.2), and in 28 healthy volunteers matched for age, anthropometric features and sex to the patients. BMD values, both at lumbar and femoral neck level were significantly lower (p<0.001 and p<0.05) by 18.7 and 4.2% respectively, in patients than in the controls. Markers of bone resorption [pyridinoline (Pyr) 78.1+/-15.7 vs 47.5+/-11.2 pmol/pmol urinary creatinine, p<0.001 and deoxypyridinoline (D-Pyr) 21.9+/-3.5 vs 14.5+/-5.4 pmol/ micromol urinary creatinine, p<0.001] were higher in patients than in controls, whereas the marker of bone formation was slightly lower [osteocalcin (BGP) 3.8+/-0.6 vs 4.6+/-1.7 pmol/ml, p<0.05]. Plasma levels of IGF-I (21.07+/-5.12 vs 35.25+/-8.33 nmol/ml, p<0.001) and IGF binding protein III (IGFBP-III) (1.9+/-0.4 vs 2.5+/-0.1 mg/ml, p<0.001) were lower in patients than in controls and positively correlated with BMD L2-L4 (r=0.57, p<0.05 and r=0.47, p<0.05 respectively), BMD neck (r=0.40, p<0.05 and r=0.34, p<0.05 respectively) and BGP (r=0.52, p<0.05 and r=0.34, p<0.05 respectively). Our beta-thalassaemic patients, in spite of normalizing hemoglobin levels, adequate hormone replacement and chelation therapies, showed osteopenia and an unbalanced bone turnover with an increased resorptive phase and a decreased formation phase probably correlated to low levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-III observed in our study.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12030605&dopt=Abstract

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002 May 15;181(1):32-7.
Decrease in 4-aminobiphenyl-induced methemoglobinemia in Cyp1a2(-/-) knockout mice.

Shertzer HG, Dalton TP, Talaska G, Nebert DW.

Department of Environmental Health, Center for Environment Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0056, USA. shertzhcmail.uc.edu

Methemoglobin formation, as well as hemoglobin or DNA adducts, are useful biomarkers of occupational exposure to certain arylamines. It has been suggested that, in liver from animals not treated with a cytochrome P450 (CYP) inducer, hepatic CYP1A2 is the major P450 involved in N-hydroxylation. This is the first step in the metabolic activation of many arylamines, such as the human urinary bladder carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP). The product of this catalytic step, N-hydroxy-4-ABP, reacts in the blood with oxyhemoglobin to form methemoglobin and nitrosobiphenyl. We therefore examined the role of CYP1A2 in causing methemoglobinemia in ABP-treated Cyp1a2(-/-) knockout mice. Application of ABP (100 micromol/kg body wt) to the skin resulted in a marked depletion in the levels of the hepatic thiols (reduced glutathione and cysteine) after 2 h, which rebounded to basal levels 24 h later, and we found no differences between the Cyp1a2(-/-) and wild-type Cyp1a2(+/+) animals. Unexpectedly, the methemoglobin levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in Cyp1a2(-/-) than Cyp1a2(+/+) mice at 2, 7, and 24 h following topical ABP. Treatment with dioxin, 24 h prior to ABP, decreased methemoglobin levels by about half at each of the time points in both the Cyp1a2(-/-) and Cyp1a2(+/+) mice. These data suggest that CYP1A2 does not play a positive role in methemoglobin formation via the activation of ABP; rather, the absence of CYP1A2 enhances ABP-induced methemoglobinemia. Because liver CYP1A2 levels are known to vary more than 60-fold between humans, our findings may be relevant to patients who are exposed to arylamines in the workplace. (c) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12030840&dopt=Abstract

Saudi Med J. 2002 Nov;23(11):1332-4.
Blood sugar control, ophthalmology referral and creatinine level among adult diabetic patients in Primary Health Care, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Al-Turki YA.

Department of Family & Community Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 28054, Riyadh 11437, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tel. +966 (1) 4671942. Fax. +966 (1) 4671967. E-mail: yalturksu.edu.sa

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of the study were to review the blood sugar levels, duration of illness, referral to the Eye Clinic for Ophthalmology assessment, and basic renal function by creatinine level among adult diabetic patients in primary health care in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A retrospective study of medical records for diabetic adult patients at different age groups, of both sex, in 6 primary health care centers in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was carried out during the period from August 2000 to April 2001. RESULTS: The results of this study show that the duration of diabetes were less than 10 years among 67% of diabetic adult patients, and fasting blood sugar levels were more than 10 mmol/L among 49.2% of diabetic adult patients. Glycosylated hemoglobin were recorded in 0.4% of medical records which, might be due to lack of accessibility for this laboratory test in the selected primary health care centers. Thirty point seven percent of diabetic patients were referred to ophthalmologist, and 74% of diabetic patients had creatinine level <150 mmol/L. CONCLUSION: Improving the blood sugar control and shared care with ophthalmologists are important steps to improving the quality of diabetic care in primary health care.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12506290&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]

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