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Pathogen research abs 1 || Pathogen research abs 2 || Pathogen research abs 3 || Pathogen research abs 4 || Pathogen research abs 5 ||
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ScientificWorldJournal. 2002 Jan 16;2(1):131-3.
Announcing Topics in Bone Biology - A Three-Volume Reference Work to be Published by TheScientificWorld.
Allen AV.
TheScientificWorld is pleased to announce the forthcoming publication of Topics in Bone Biology, a major new reference work in three volumes. The Series Editors are Professors Felix Bronner, Ph.D. and Mary C. Farach-Carson, Ph.D. Professor Bronner is Professor Emeritus at the University of Connecticut Health Center. He is Principal Editor for the Bone Biology domain of TheScientificWorldJOURNAL and is a world authority on bone biology with numerous publications and books to his credit. Professor Farach-Carson is Professor at the Department of Biological Science at the University of Delaware and is Editorial Board Member for the Bone Biology domain of TheScientificWorldJOURNAL and for numerous other peer-reviewed publications. Her work is within the fields of bone and extracellular matrix biology, calcitropic hormones, and calcium channels, focusing on the role of calcitropic hormones in regulating the bone remodeling process.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12806046&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
ScientificWorldJournal. 2003 Mar 24;3(3):163-75.
Amylin in the periphery.
Wookey PJ, Xuereb L, Tikellis C, Cooper ME.
Amylin (islet amyloid polypeptide) is a peptide synthesized principally in the b-cells of the pancreatic islets together with insulin and has actions as a hormone, growth factor, and modifier of behavior. As a hormone, amylin acts to modify gastric motility, renal resorption, and has metabolic actions. It is postulated that the principal function of amylin as a hormone is the activation of physiological processes associated with feeding. As a growth factor, amylin acts on bone cells, renal proximal tubular cells, and islet b-cells. Amylin has important targets in the brain that mediate its actions in the modification of behavior, including thirst and satiety. In man, amylin can form islet amyloid deposits, an event linked to the reduction of b-cell mass and loss of signal-secretion coupling. Recent evidence has defined a new role for monomeric amylin as a growth factor and regulator of b-cell mass that is postulated to be a key factor in pathophysiological processes that result in overt diabetes.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12806128&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
ScientificWorldJournal. 2002 Jun 12;2(6):1610-6.
Sample preparation and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of alkylphenolic compounds and steroid sex hormones in sediments.
Petrovia M, Barcela D.
A new methodology, based on the use of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and highly selective cleanup using restricted access material (RAM) on-line coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), is presented for the simultaneous and unequivocal determination of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs), their degradation products and halogenated derivatives, and steroid sex hormones in sediment samples. Using the integrated RAM-LC-MS system, the simultaneous determination of alkylphenolic compounds and sex hormones was achieved, yielding recoveries higher than 60% and producing low MS background noise.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12806148&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
Neuroendocrinology. 2003 May;77(5):291-7.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone activates the 12-lipoxygenase pathway in the LbetaT2 gonadotrope cell line.
Limor R, Naor Z, Weisinger G, Naidich M, Knoll E, Sharon O, Stern N.
Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Previous studies have indicated that arachidonic acid and its lipoxygenase (LO) metabolites play a role in the post-receptor effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) but the exact role and nature of these putative eicosanoids remain unclear. The potential role of arachidonic acid and LO in GnRH receptor-mediated signaling was investigated in the LbetaT2 gonadotrope cell line, which expresses gonadotropins (LH and FSH) and GnRH-receptor mRNAs. Western immunobloting of LbetaT2 cell extracts, performed with a murine leukocyte polyclonal antibody against 12-LO, showed a 70-kD band, suggesting the presence of 12-LO protein in these cells. GnRH nearly doubled the release of 12-hydroeicosatetraenoic acid, a product of the 12-LO enzyme, within 10 min. A specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction with a set of primers based on the reported sequence of rat brain 12-LO yielded a 170-bp band which showed 100% homology with the expected rat brain 12-LO sequence. Exposure of LbetaT2 cells to pulsatile GnRH treatment (10 nM, 90-min interpulse, one and three pulses) led to a approximately 3-fold increase in 12-LO mRNA levels. In conclusion, we provide evidence for the presence of a 12-LO enzyme in LbetaT2 cells, the expression and activity of which are increased by short-term/pulsatile exposure to GnRH. LbetaT2 cells represent a potential model to further study the involvement of 12-LO in GnRH receptor signaling. 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12806174&dopt=Abstract
Neuroendocrinology. 2003 May;77(5):298-304.
Regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion by the interactions of activin-A, dexamethasone and testosterone in anterior pituitary cell cultures of male rats.
Leal AM, Blount AL, Donaldson CJ, Bilezikjian LM, Vale WW.
Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, Calif., USA.
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of glucocorticoids and gonadal steroids on the expression of inhibin/activin subunits and follistatin of the anterior pituitary and test the hypothesis that resulting changes in the local activin/inhibin/follistatin tone contribute to steroid effects on follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) production from gonadotropes. In primary cell cultures of male rat anterior pituitaries, dexamethasone (DEX) or testosterone (T) stimulated FSH secretion and FSHbeta mRNA and their effects were additive with activin-A. Follistatin (FS288) and inhibin-A antagonized the rise in FSH secretion both in the absence and presence of exogenous activin-A. Despite the similarity in their action on FSH production, DEX and T had opposite effects on follistatin mRNA levels. Follistatin mRNA levels of cultured rat anterior pituitary cells were elevated upon the addition of DEX but attenuated by T. On the other hand, both DEX and T suppressed inhibin/activin betaB mRNA levels while only DEX affected betaA mRNA. In these cells, activin-A stimulated follistatin and inhibin/activin betaB mRNA levels but had no effect on betaA. Together, DEX and activin-A caused a further increase in follistatin mRNA levels while T attenuated the effect of activin-A alone. Both steroids attenuated the effect of activin-A on betaB mRNA accumulation. These results support the possibility that DEX and T, possibly acting on different subsets of anterior pituitary cells, use distinct mechanisms to modify the local activin/inhibin/follistatin circuitry and thereby upregulate FSH production from the anterior pituitary gonadotropes. 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12806175&dopt=Abstract
The average human scalp is covered by approximatey 100,000 hair follicles. Each hair undergoes
hair cycle and normally 50-100 hairs randomly fall out a day, which is unnoticeable because lost hair is replaced by as many new hairs springing up daily. Hair loss results from the fall out of hair from the hair follicle. Alopecia or excessive, premature hair loss is the condition caused by many factors.
Loss of hair itself does not pose critical health problems because biological role of human hair is relatively marginal. Hair on our scalp protects the head from mechanical shock, heat loss, and exposure to UV-light. The eyelashes and eyebrowes protect the eyes, and hair in the ear canal or the nasal passages help filter out particles and pathogens, thus protecting our internal organs.
However, hair does play important social role: it is one of the major determinants of our appearance and identity in daily life. Fullness of hair also implicates or manifests physical integrity and youthfulness of the person. Losing hair could have more than just emotional impacts on individuals.
The hair is a unique organ that goes through a characteristic cycle consisting of an immature phase, a growing phase called anagen, a transitional phase between the growing phase and the resting phase called catagen, and finally a resting phase called telogen in which the hair stops growing, waiting to fall out. 85-90% of hairs on our body are in anagen phase or growing phase, which lasts anywhere from two to five years. This phase is followed by a short regression phase, or catagen, which lasts 2-3 weeks. Approximately 1% of hair follicles are in catagen. Approximately 10-15% of hair follicles are in the resting phase, the telogen, which lasts about 3-5 months. Hair follicles typically goes through 10-20 asynchronous cycles during the lifetime.
Persistent loss of more than 150 hairs would consist a state of hair loss, or alopecia, albeit it could be temporary.
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