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Pathogen research abs 1 || Pathogen research abs 2 || Pathogen research abs 3 || Pathogen research abs 4 || Pathogen research abs 5 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 1 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 2 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 3 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 4 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 5

Cardiovasc Res. 2003 Feb;57(2):395-404.
Increased myocardial collagen and ventricular diastolic dysfunction in relaxin deficient mice: a gender-specific phenotype.

Du XJ, Samuel CS, Gao XM, Zhao L, Parry LJ, Tregear GW.

Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Medical Research Institute, PO Box 6492, St Kilda Road Central, Melbourne, Vic. 8008, Australia. xiaojun.daker.edu.au

OBJECTIVE: To investigate cardiac phenotypes in mice deficient in the peptide hormone relaxin by gene targeting. METHODS: Echocardiography and cardiac catheterization were performed on male and female relaxin deficient (Rlx(-/-)) mice as well as heterozygous (Rlx(+/-)) and wildtype (Rlx(+/+)) littermates aged between 8 and 24 months. Collagen expression and content in the heart were analysed by real-time PCR, hydroxyproline assay and histology. RESULTS: Heart rate, blood pressures, left ventricular (LV) dimensions, fractional shortening and maximal and minimal dP/dt did not differ significantly between the three genotypes of either gender at any age. However, 8-10-month-old Rlx(-/-) males exhibited a greater transmitral flow velocity (A-wave) at the late LV diastolic phase. Male Rlx(-/-) mice aged between 12 and 24 months had significantly higher LV end-diastolic pressures, a 30% increase in atrial weight and 10-30% increases in lung and liver weights. Male mice also showed an age-dependent increase (P<0.01) in LV collagen content that was more pronounced in Rlx(-/-) than control littermates (P<0.01). Procollagen type-1 expression was also significantly higher in the LV of Rlx(-/-) males compared with either Rlx(+/-) or Rlx(+/+) males at 6, 9 and 12 months of age. Age-matched female Rlx(-/-) mice did not display any of these cardiac phenotypes seen in Rlx(-/-) males. CONCLUSIONS: Male Rlx(-/-) mice had impeded LV diastolic filling and increased atrial weights, most likely due to an increase in ventricular collagen content and chamber stiffness. These phenotypes in the Rlx(-/-) males were not observed in Rlx(-/-) females, indicating the importance of other gender-related factors in cardiovascular function.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12566112&dopt=Abstract

Endocr Regul. 1998 Dec;32(4):177-181.
Assessment of bone metabolism in obese women.

Ostrowska Z, Zwirska-Korczala K, Buntner B, Pardela M, Drozdz M.

1st Department of Pathophysiology and Clinical Biochemistry, Silesian School of Medicine, 41-800 Zabrze.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bone metabolism in obese women by the estimation of selected markers of bone formation. METHODS: The concentration of plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) and selected markers of bone formation [osteocalcin (BGP) in plasma, carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity in blood serum] and bone resorption [cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) in blood serum and urinary excretion of calcium (Ca)] in 18 extremely obese women (BMI>40 kg/m2) with android phenotype (WHR>0.8) and in 20 healthy women with normal body weight. The age range of all subjects was 25 to 42 years (mean: 36.82 + 3.95). RESULTS: All obese women showed significantly increased concentration of plasma PTH, BGP and serum PICP, ICTP and elevated urinary excretion of Ca. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results show that in extremely obese women with android phenotype bone metabolism disturbances may occur pointing at increased bone formation and resorption.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10200589&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Heart Fail Monit. 2003;4(1):13-20.
The Emerging Role of Brain Natriuretic Peptide in the Management of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure in Outpatients.

Safley DM, McCullough PA.

Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Truman Medical Center, Kansas City, MO.

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a neurohormone synthesized in the cardiac ventricles. It is released as N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP) and cleaved enzymatically to the NT fragment and the immunoreactive BNP. Measurement of BNP is now available as a rapid bedside assay that is easily available to physicians in an office, clinic, emergency department, or inpatient setting. It has proven utility in the emergency department diagnosis of congestive heart failure (CHF) in patients with unclear causes of dyspnea. The use of BNP level as a criterion for hospital admission has been studied as has its use as an aid in decision-making regarding the adequacy of treatment and readiness for hospital discharge. Treatment of chronic CHF in outpatients using BNP as a guide for the intensity of pharmacological therapy shows promise in further decreasing the rate of adverse events associated with this diagnosis. Other uses for BNP measurement include the prognostication of CHF exacerbation and myocardial infarction, and screening those at risk to identify patients that may benefit from early intervention and treatment of early CHF. Heart Fail Monit 2003;4(1):12-20.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12808480&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Rev Neurol. 2003 Jun 1-15;36(11):1058-64.
[The interest of multiple sclerosis attacks. Physiopathology and therapy]

[Article in Spanish]

de Andres C.

Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Espana. jamartresmas.net

AIMS: To review the clinical concept of an attack, the physiopathological mechanisms underlying the symptoms of the attack, in the recovery phase, and those corresponding to the progressive or degenerative phase of the disease. DEVELOPMENT: Although they do not explain the exact mechanisms responsible for the onset of the attack or the processes that account for the clinical and pathological heterogeneity, most research studies suggest that the lesions produced in multiple sclerosis are the consequence of complex immunological interactions that take place mostly in the white matter of the central nervous system. These lesions affect, to variable extents, the myelin and the axon. We survey how these events are reflected in the images obtained by magnetic resonance. Clinical observations have shown that, in some patients, infections and hormones can exert an influence on the activity of the disease. Recovery, in the initial stages at least, would be produced by the action of poorly understood mechanisms that limit inflammation, and by local or cortical neuroplasticity or repair processes. Finally, we discuss the mechanisms behind the action of corticoids that justify their use when treating these attacks. CONCLUSION: A more thorough understanding of these events opens up the way to providing better therapy in the future.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12808503&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]

Br J Surg. 2003 Jun;90(6):748-54.
Role of endoscopic ultrasonography in screening and treatment of pancreatic endocrine tumours in asymptomatic patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.

Gauger PG, Scheiman JM, Wamsteker EJ, Richards ML, Doherty GM, Thompson NW.

Division of Endocrine Surgery and Section of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0331, USA. pgaugemich.edu

BACKGROUND: Patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1 risk premature death from pancreatic endocrine tumours (PETs). Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is the most sensitive imaging modality for small PETs. A screening and therapeutic approach for asymptomatic patients is delineated in which EUS plays a pivotal role. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 15 patients with MEN-1 but with no symptoms of a PET. All patients underwent serum hormone measurement, including gastrin, and EUS. The findings were used to facilitate operative treatment. RESULTS: Six of 15 patients had a normal basal gastrin level and nine had a raised level. EUS demonstrated PETs in 14 patients and identified multiple lesions in 12. There was no predictive relationship between age or gastrin level and the number or size of PETs discovered. Thirteen patients have undergone enucleation or resection of PETs and two remain under observation. Nine of the 13 patients underwent transduodenal exploration to excise gastrinoma(s). One patient had lymph node metastases found at operation. There was no death. Self-limiting pancreatic fistula in five patients and biliary fistula in one. CONCLUSION: Early and aggressive screening using EUS identifies PETs in asymptomatic patients with MEN-1. Detection of tumours at an early stage, before the development of symptoms, lymph node metastases or liver metastases, may facilitate prompt surgical intervention and improve prognosis. 2003 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12808627&dopt=Abstract

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