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Pathogen research abs 1 || Pathogen research abs 2 || Pathogen research abs 3 || Pathogen research abs 4 || Pathogen research abs 5 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 1 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 2 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 3 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 4 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 5

Invest Radiol. 2002 Aug;37(8):440-7.
Nonionic contrast media iohexol and iomeprol decrease renal arterial tone: comparative studies on human and porcine isolated vascular segments.

Uder M, Humke U, Pahl M, Jansen A, Utz J, Kramann B.

Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany. raudeed-rz.uni-saarland.de

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The vasoconstriction of the renal arteries is frequently considered as a crucial factor for radiocontrast-induced nephropathy. A direct effect of iodinated radiographic contrast medium (RCM) on vascular smooth muscle is supposed to be one component of the vascular response. We studied the effect of the nonionic RCM iomeprol and iohexol on the tonus of isolated human and porcine renal arteries in vitro. METHODS: In an organ bath renal arterial rings, uncontracted or precontracted by 10 micromol/L phenylephrine were incubated with increasing concentrations (15-103 mg iodine/mL) of iohexol, iomeprol, and mannitol solution isoosmolar to the contrast media. In a part of the preparations the endothelium was destroyed. Human vessels were obtained from tumor nephrectomy specimens of 10 patients. RESULTS: In human experiments iomeprol and iohexol (P < 0.05) relaxed renal arterial rings whereas mannitol produced concentration-dependent contractions. The relaxation by both contrast media was slightly attenuated upon increasing their concentration. The differences between mannitol solutions and RCM were statistically significant (P < 0.001) at concentrations of 57 mg iodine/mL and higher. Precontracted rings were significantly stronger relaxed by the RCM compared with mannitol (P < 0.001). The contrast medium induced relaxation did not depend on the presence of an intact endothelium (P > 0.05). Experiments with renal arterial segments prepared from swine showed similar results, with stronger relaxations than the human preparations. CONCLUSION: Iomeprol and iohexol relaxed isolated renal arterial segments. These observations are in contradiction with the hypothesis that contrast media induce nephropathy by a direct vasoconstrictive effect on vascular smooth muscle. They do not exclude, however, a reduction of renal blood flow by other factors like liberation of hormones.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12138360&dopt=Abstract

Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2002 Jul;13(5):443-7.
Alterations in platelet function during the ovarian cycle.

Feuring M, Christ M, Roell A, Schueller P, Losel R, Dempfle CE, Schultz A, Wehling M.

Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.

Steroid hormones may profoundly influence hemostasis; for example, as discussed for hormone replacement therapy, pregnancy and, being less obvious, for the ovarian cycle. We investigated primary hemostasis parameters using a platelet function analyzer (PFA-100) during the follicular and luteal phases in 18 healthy young women without oral contraceptives. During the follicular phase, the mean closure time (CT) was 164.7 +/- 56.7 s, and it decreased to 130.2 +/- 30.6 s in collagen/epinephrine cartridges in the luteal phase (P = 0.0095). No significant difference could be found for CT values in collagen/adenosine diphosphate cartridges during the follicular phase as compared with the luteal phase (97.2 +/- 24.2 s versus 89.6 +/- 18.4 s, P = 0.174). Negative correlations between the CT values in collagen/epinephrine cartridges and von Willebrand factor from both phases of the cycle were found (follicular phase: r = -0.53; luteal phase: r = -0.54). Fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation products were significantly increased in the luteal phase (2.49 +/- 0.62 g/l versus 2.05 +/- 0.59 g/l and 0.12 +/- 014 versus 0.04 +/- 0.04, P = 0.02 for both parameters) as compared with the follicular phase. No significant differences could be detected for plasminogen, plasmin-antiplasmin complex, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 and D-dimer between the groups. This study indicates that platelet function is periodically altered during the ovarian cycle due to the influence of progesterone and estrogen on von Willebrand factor concentrations.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12138372&dopt=Abstract

Orv Hetil. 2002 Jun 16;143(24):1475-8.
[Comparative study of the efficiency of gonadotrope releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs for the treatment of endometriosis]

[Article in Hungarian]

Kereszturi A, Daru J, Pal A.

Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem Altalanos Orvostudomanyi Kar, Szent-Gyorgyi Albert Orvos- es Gyogyszeresztudomanyi Centrum Szuleszeti es Nogyogyaszati Klinika, Szeged. kereszturbgyn.szote.u-szeged.hu

INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis is one of the most common gynaecological conditions in women of reproductive age. The aim of the authors' study was to compare the relative safety, efficacy and side effects of nafarelin and triptorelin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: They treated 133 patients for six months and followed up for at least an additional 6 months. In the diagnosis of the endometriosis they use the gold standard, the laparoscopy. RESULTS: During the 6-month therapy with analogues, there was a noticeable decline in the symptoms of the disease, there was no significant change in the efficacy and was no difference in main side effects of the two drugs. CONCLUSION: These treatments represent favourable approaches in the management of endometriosis.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12138645&dopt=Abstract

Pituitary. 2001 Aug;4(3):195-202.
Sarcoidosis within a pituitary adenoma.

Rubin MR, Bruce JN, Khandji AG, Freda PU.

Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.

A 54 year old man presented with frontal headaches for one year. A CT scan of the head revealed a pituitary mass. He denied a change in vision or galactorrhea, but did have decreased frequency of erections and a recent episode of renal stones. On physical exam, the cranial nerves were normal. Visual field exam revealed mild bilateral temporal defects. The genitalia were normal and the testes were soft. Laboratory evaluation revealed: Na, 134 mM/l; K, 6.7 mM/l; Cl, 104 mM/l; HCO3, 22 mM/l; BUN, 47 mg/dl; Cr, 8.3 mg/dl; Ca, 12.5 mg/dl; Phos, 5.5 mg/dl; prolactin, 32.0 ng/ml; T4, 4.46 microg/dl; TSH, 2.07 microU/ml; LH, 18.1 mIU/ml; FSH 3.2 mIU/ml; alpha subunit 1.6 ng/ml; testosterone 255 ng/dl; cortisol, 20.3 microg/dl; cortisol after 250 microg cortrosyn, 38.5 microg/dl (time 60 minutes); growth hormone, 1.4 ng/ml; IGF-1, 47 ng/ml; PTH, <1 pg/ml; 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 14 ng/ml; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 69 pg/ml. These results were felt to be consistent with a non-PTH-mediated hypercalcemia, such as humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, or a vitamin D-mediated hypercalcemia, such as lymphoma, sarcoidosis or tuberculosis. Head MRI demonstrated a 3.5 x 3.5 x 2.5 cm heterogeneous mass enlarging the sella, deforming the clivus and compressing the cavernous sinus, basilar artery and left side of the optic chiasm. There was a small focus of high signal in the superior part of the mass on the T1-weighted image from either a proteinaceous cyst with early calcium deposition or sub-acute blood. These radiographic findings were felt to be consistent with a pituitary adenoma. The patient was treated with intravenous hydration and thyroxine 50 microg daily and underwent a transsphenoidal resection of the pituitary lesion. Pathologic examination revealed a pituitary adenoma with multiple granulomas and crystalline material; this was consistent with sarcoid within the adenoma. Post-operatively, the serum LH fell to 5.5 mIU/ml. A subsequent transbronchial biopsy revealed multiple non-caseating granulomas. A serum ACE level was elevated at 132.6 U/l. He received oral prednisone 60 mg daily with resolution of the hypercalcemia. Neurosarcoidosis occurs in 5 to 15% of patients with sarcoidosis and can involve the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. This is the first reported case of sarcoidosis occurring within a pituitary adenoma.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12138993&dopt=Abstract

J Mol Biol. 2003 Jan 24;325(4):785-94.
The crystal structure at 2A resolution of the Ca2+ -binding protein S100P.

Zhang H, Wang G, Ding Y, Wang Z, Barraclough R, Rudland PS, Fernig DG, Rao Z.

Laboratory of Structural Biology & MOE Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.

S100P is a small calcium-binding protein of the S100 EF-hand-containing family of proteins. Elevated levels of its mRNA are reported to be associated with the progression to hormone independence and metastasis of prostate cancer and to be associated with loss of senescence in human breast epithelial cells in vitro. The first structure of human recombinant S100P in calcium-bound form is now reported at 2.0A resolution by X-ray diffraction. A flexible linker connects the two EF-hand motifs. The protein exists as a homodimer formed by non-covalent interactions between large hydrophobic areas on monomeric S100P. Experiments with an optical biosensor to study binding parameters of the S100P monomer interaction showed that the association rate constant was faster in the presence of calcium than in their absence, whereas the dissociation rate constant was independent of calcium. The K(d) values were 64(+/-24)nM and 2.5(+/-0.8) microM in the presence and in the absence of calcium ions, respectively. Dimerization of S100P is demonstrated in vivo using the yeast two-hybrid system. The effect of mutation of specific amino acids suggests that dimerization in vivo can be affected by amino acids on the dimer interface and in the hydrophobic core.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12507480&dopt=Abstract

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