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Pathogen research abs 1 || Pathogen research abs 2 || Pathogen research abs 3 || Pathogen research abs 4 || Pathogen research abs 5 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 1 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 2 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 3 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 4 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 5

World J Urol. 2003 Aug;21(3):177-82. Epub 2003 Jun 18.
A randomized study comparing epirubicin in a 4-weekly versus a weekly intravenous regimen in patients with metastatic, hormone resistant, prostatic carcinoma: effects on health related quality of life.

Van Andel G, Fernandez De Moral P, Caris CT, Carpentier P, Wils J, De Bruin MJ, Witjes JA, Debruyne FM, Witjes WP.

Department of Urology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

The treatment of hormone resistant prostate cancer) with epirubicin 25 mg/m(2 )(Epi25) on a weekly intravenous regimen may be better in terms of health related quality of life (HRQOL) than with 100 mg/m(2 )(Epi100) on a 4-weekly regimen. A total of 79 patients who filled out the EORTC-QLQ-C30 questionnaire for the assessment of HRQOL could be evaluated. Compared with the baseline, no changes in HRQOL function scales or significant changes in the following HRQOL symptom scales were found. The Epi25 group reported less pain during the first 3 months and the Epi100 group more dyspnoea after 4 weeks and less pain and less insomnia but more loss of appetite after 8 weeks. In both groups, toxicity was comparable, except for World Health Organisation grade II-III alopecia occurring in 82% in the Epi100 versus 31% in the Epi25 group. There were no significant differences between groups in response rates and survival. In this study, HRQOL was not improved which is in line with other studies using only epirubicine. Epirubicin as single agent therapy should not be used in future treatment of patients with HRPC.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12819912&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]

Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2003 Jun;52 Suppl 1:34-8. Epub 2003 Jun 19.
Clinical significance of the expression of estrogen receptors alpha and beta for endocrine therapy of breast cancer.

Iwase H, Zhang Z, Omoto Y, Sugiura H, Yamashita H, Toyama T, Iwata H, Kobayashi S.

Department of Oncology and Endocrinology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-ku, 467-8601, Nagoya, Japan, h.iwased.nagoya-cu.ac.jp

The assessment of the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and the progesterone receptor (PgR) in breast cancer tissues is important for discriminating between hormone-dependent and hormone-independent tumors. ERbeta, a more recently discovered ER, may influence estrogen action through the ERalpha pathway. To evaluate the clinical significance of these receptors in the response to endocrine therapy, we investigated their expression in primary breast cancer tissues. ERalpha and PgR were evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and ERbeta expression was determined using IHC and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. When the cut-off level of EIA was set at 13 fmol/mg protein for ERalpha and that for IHC was set as an IHC score between 2 and 3, a significant correlation between ERalpha EIA and IHC was seen (concordance rate 88.4%). This indicates that this cut-off level of ERalpha IHC can be adopted to quantify breast cancer prognoses. Furthermore, the tumors with positive expression of ERalpha IHC or PgR IHC using this criterion were significantly related to the response to endocrine therapy. Additionally, tumors with positive expression of ERbeta wild-type tended to have a better response to endocrine therapy than negative ones, and tamoxifen responders tended to exhibit a lower ratio of ERbetacx (one of the ERbeta variants) to ERbeta wild-type than nonresponders. The results concerning ERbeta are not yet fully understood; further investigations and evaluations should analyze the role of ERbeta wild-type and variant type in breast cancer treatment.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12819932&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]

Anticancer Res. 2003 Mar-Apr;23(2A):871-5.
Diagnostic role of markers dipeptidyl peptidase IV and thyroid peroxidase in thyroid tumors.

Kholova I, Ludvikova M, Ryska A, Topolcan O, Pikner R, Pecen L, Cap J, Holubec L Jr.

Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University Medical Faculty Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.

BACKGROUND: In seeking to improve the differential diagnosis between malignant and benign thyroid tumors of follicular cell origin, we assessed the expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO). DPP IV is a membrane peptidase expressed in many human tissues, excluding the normal thyroid gland. However, aberrant expression has been described in thyroid carcinomas. TPO is an essential enzyme in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones with various types of expression in pathological thyroid lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 151 thyroid glands were examined: 24 malignant tumors, 29 benign tumors, 98 benign lesions and 5 normal glands. DPP IV expression was analyzed by a histochemical technique in both frozen sections and imprint/aspirate smears. TPO was assessed immunohistochemically in paraffin-embedded specimens. RESULTS: DPP IV sensitivity in frozen section was 56% and its specificity was 99%, in both cases with a 50% threshold. In cytology, the sensitivity was 68% and the specificity was 98% using the 50% threshold. TPO sensitivity and specificity was 64% and 99%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of both markers was 92% and 94%, respectively. CONCLUSION: We recommend adding DPP IV and TPO to the list of diagnostic tumor markers for malignant thyroid tumors of follicular cell origin.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12820316&dopt=Abstract

Anticancer Res. 2003 Mar-Apr;23(2A):1081-6.
Effects of phytoestrogens on the trophoblast tumour cell lines BeWo and Jeg3.

Plessow D, Waldschlager J, Richter DU, Jeschke U, Bruer G, Briese V, Friese K.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Rostock, Doberaner Str. 142, 18055 Rostock, Germany.

INTRODUCTION: Phytoestrogens are a diverse group of nonsteroidal plant compounds that occur naturally in many plants. Because they possess a ring system similar to estrogens they are able to bind to estrogen receptors in humans. With this study we tested the effects of the phytoestrogens genistein and daidzein in cell proliferation and the production of progesterone and hCG in trophoblast tumour cells of the cell lines BeWo and Jeg3. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The phytoestrogens genistein and daidzein were incubated in different concentrations with trophoblast tumour cells. Untreated cells were used as controls. At designated times, aliquots were removed and tested for progesterone and hCG. In addition we tested the effects of phytoestrogens on cell proliferation. Different concentrations of genistein and daidzein were cultivated with trophoblast tumour cells. After designated times, 1 microCi thymidin-(methyl-3H) was added. Methyl-3H thymidin incorporation was tested and compared to incorporation results of untreated cells. RESULTS: With this study we could show that the production of the steroid hormone progesterone and the protein hormone hCG is influenced by the phytoestrogens genistein and daidzein in trophoblast tumour cells of the cell lines BeWo and Jeg3. We found a correlation between the effects on the proliferation and the production of progesterone and hCG at high concentrations of genistein and daidzein in the cell lines tested. With low concentrations of genistein and daidzein we observed a stimulation of the production of hCG and a weak inhibition of proliferation in both cell lines BeWo and Jeg3. DISCUSSION: The results obtained with this study suggest that only high doses of phytoestrogens (> 1 mumol/ml) can reduce the proliferation of trophoblast tumour cells significantly. Low doses of phytoestrogens induced a higher hCG production in both cell lines tested. Although high hCG production did not lead to a higher proliferation rate of the tumour cells tested, hCG is able to induce neovascularisation in tumour cells. In summary, with this in vitro study we showed that high doses of phytoestrogens inhibit proliferation and progesterone production in trophoblast tumour cells. High doses of phytoestrogens could be useful candidates for special diet programs for prevention and surgery for patients with this type of disease. In addition we found a useful cell culture model for the testing of new types of phytoestrogens.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12820351&dopt=Abstract

Anticancer Res. 2003 Mar-Apr;23(2A):1087-92.
hCG in trophoblast tumour cells of the cell line Jeg3 and hCG isolated from amniotic fluid and serum of pregnant women carry oligosaccharides of the sialyl Lewis X and sialyl Lewis a type.

Jeschke U, Stahn R, Goletz C, Wang X, Briese V, Friese K.

University of Rostock, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Doberaner Str. 142, D-18055 Rostock, Germany.

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a placental hormone and marker for the differentiation process of cytotrophoblast cells to syncytial trophoblasts. It is secreted into the maternal circulation and urine. The glycoprotein hCG is also found in the serum and urine of patients with malignant trophoblastic diseases. For this study hCG was purified from pooled human mid-trimester amniotic fluid, serum and urine of pregnant women and from supernatants of trophoblast tumour cell cultures Jeg3 and BeWo by immunoadsorption chromatography with specific hCG-antibodies. The purity and identity of the isolated hCG were checked by Western blot analysis. Sialylated oligosaccharides of the Lewis type of isolated hCGs were analysed by dot blot and ELISA technique with monoclonal antibodies specific for sialyl Lewis x and sialyl Lewis a-carbohydrate epitopes. BeWo and Jeg 3 cells were additionally investigated by immunofluorescence. HCG isolated from the serum and amnion of pregnant women bear both sialyl Lewis x (sLex)-antigen and sialyl Lewis a (sLea)-antigen. The same result was observed for hCG isolated from the supernatants of the trophoblast tumour cell line Jeg3. On the contrary, hCG isolated from the supernatants of the trophoblast tumour cell line BeWo showed only a very weak expression of these antigens. HCG isolated from the urine of pregnant women was negative for both sialyl Lewis antigens. The results are discussed with respect to a possible relationship to selectin- mediated cell adhesion processes. This could play a role in the prevention of leukocyte adhesion on the foetal syncytiotrophoblast. Glycosylation of hCG in trophoblast tumour cells, on the other hand, could increase the metastatic activity of these cells.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12820352&dopt=Abstract

Natural Herbal Supplement: Hair Million

Hair Loss, or alopecia is a concern for increasing number of folks in aging society. Loss of hair is a visible problem, and affects the appearance and changes identity of a person.
The phenomenon of hair thinning and hair loss is most commonly associated with natural aging, although there are many other causes of hair loss, which include inherited or genetic conditions, illnesses, malnutrition, stress, hormonal problems, chemotherapy, and use of some drugs.
Hair growth is a sophisticated biological process, which has not yet been completely understood. A multitude of therapeutic measures, including drugs, surgery, and suppelements have been made available, and used. However, due to the heterogeneity in the underlying cause, there is no perfect cure for all hair loss cases. Most of chemical drugs and hair transplantation surgeries are not free from varying degrees of undesirable side effects on health.

Hair Million is an alternative solution to hair loss problems. Anecdotally, it shows prositive results and improvement for age-related hair thinning and hair loss for a fraction of people who take it. We do not know the mechanisms of action as to how Hair Million works to help stop hair loss, and promote hair growth. We only know by anecdotal observations. There has been no clinical trials nor placebo controlled statistical analysis on the efficacy of Hair Million on hair loss and hair growth. However, there are two merits in this hair restoration herbal formula:
Firstly, Hair Million is rather inexpensive, and secondly, it is made of well known herbs that are safe when consumed in regular quantities.

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