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Pathogen research abs 1 || Pathogen research abs 2 || Pathogen research abs 3 || Pathogen research abs 4 || Pathogen research abs 5 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 1 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 2 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 3 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 4 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 5

J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 12;278(37):35668-35677. Epub 2003 Jun 23.
Subnuclear Localization of C/EBP{beta} Is Regulated by Growth Hormone and Dependent on MAPK.

Pilipuk GP, Galigniana MD, Schwartz J.

Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.

Localization of transcription regulatory proteins in the nucleus is dynamically regulated, and may alter nucleoplasmic concentrations and/or assembly of multimolecular transcription regulatory complexes, which ultimately regulate gene expression. Since growth hormone (GH) regulates multiple transcription factors including C/EBPbeta, the effect of GH on the subcellular localization of C/EBPbeta was examined in 3T3-F442A preadipocytes. Indirect immunofluorescence shows that C/EBPbeta is diffusely distributed in nuclei of quiescent cells. Within 5 min of GH treatment, the diffuse pattern dramatically becomes punctate. The relocalization of C/EBPbeta coincides with DAPI staining of heterochromatin. Further, C/EBPbeta and heterochromatin protein (HP)-1alpha colocalize in the nucleus, consistent with localization of C/EBPbeta to pericentromeric heterochromatin. In contrast, C/EBPdelta exhibits a diffuse distribution in the nucleus that is not modified by GH treatment. C/EBPbeta is rapidly and transiently phosphorylated on a conserved MAPK consensus site in response to GH (Piwien-Pilipuk, G., MacDougald, O. A., and Schwartz, J. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 44557-44565). Indirect immunofluorescence using antibodies specific for C/EBPbeta phosphorylated on the conserved MAPK site shows that GH also rapidly induces a punctate pattern of staining for the phosphorylated C/EBPbeta. In addition, phosphorylated C/EBPbeta colocalizes to pericentromeric heterochromatin. The satellite DNA present in heterochromatin contains multiple C/EBP binding sites. DNA binding analysis shows that C/EBPbeta, C/EBPdelta, and C/EBPalpha (p42 and p30 forms) can bind to satellite DNA as homo- or heterocomplexes in vitro. Importantly, GH rapidly and transiently increases binding of endogenous C/EBPbeta from 3T3-F442A cells to satellite DNA. Further, the GH-promoted nuclear relocalization of C/EBPbeta to pericentromeric heterochromatin was prevented by the MEK inhibitor U0126. This observation suggests that GH-dependent MAPK activation plays a role in the regulation of nuclear relocalization of C/EBPbeta. Nuclear redistribution introduces a new level of transcriptional regulation in GH action, since GH-mediated phosphorylation and nuclear redistribution of C/EBPbeta may be coordinated to achieve spatial-temporal control of gene expression.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12821655&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 5;278(36):34725-32. Epub 2003 Jun 23.
Localization of the Raf-like kinase CTR1 to the endoplasmic reticulum of Arabidopsis through participation in ethylene receptor signaling complexes.

Gao Z, Chen YF, Randlett MD, Zhao XC, Findell JL, Kieber JJ, Schaller GE.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA.

The plant hormone ethylene is perceived by a five-member family of receptors related to the bacterial histidine kinases. The Raf-like kinase CTR1 functions downstream of the ethylene receptors as a negative regulator of ethylene signal transduction. CTR1 is shown here to be associated with membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum in Arabidopsis as a result of its interactions with ethylene receptors. Membrane association of CTR1 is reduced by mutations that eliminate ethylene receptors and by a mutation in CTR1 that reduces its ability to bind to the ethylene receptor ETR1. Direct evidence that CTR1 is part of an ethylene receptor signaling complex was obtained by co-purification of the ethylene receptor ETR1 with a tagged version of CTR1 from an Arabidopsis membrane extract. The histidine kinase activity of ETR1 is not required for its association with CTR1, based on co-purification of tagged ETR1 mutants and CTR1 after expression in a transgenic yeast system. These data demonstrate that CTR1 is part of an ethylene receptor signaling complex in Arabidopsis and support a model in which localization of CTR1 to the endoplasmic reticulum is necessary for its function. Additional data that demonstrate a post-transcriptional effect of ethylene upon the expression of CTR1 suggest that production of ethylene receptor signaling complexes may be coordinately regulated.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12821658&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]

J Histochem Cytochem. 1999 May;47(5):649-60.
Localization of the insulin-like growth factor system in a rat model of heart failure induced by myocardial infarction.

Dean R, Edmondson SR, Burrell LM, Bach LA.

University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.

Although cardiac effects of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I have been reported in experimental models of heart failure and in human dilated cardiomyopathy, the IGF system has not been comprehensively assessed in the failing heart. We therefore localized the IGF system in the left ventricle during congestive heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI) in the rat. The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats and hearts were examined after 6 months when congestive heart failure had developed. In situ hybridization histochemistry was used to localize mRNA for the components of the IGF system in the left ventricle of sham and congestive heart failure animals. We were able to detect changes in the spatial distribution of mRNA for IGF-I and IGF binding proteins 3, 4, 5, and 6 in the left ventricle during congestive heart failure after MI. IGF-I and the binding proteins were predominantly increased in the infarct/peri-infarct area of the left ventricle. Other components of the IGF system were indistinguishable from the low to undetectable levels in sham-operated rats. These results demonstrate that the IGF system is altered in the failing heart and suggest that the IGF system plays an important role in the response of the heart to MI and consequent failure.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10219057&dopt=Abstract

Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 2003 Jul;38(7):463-9.
[Influence of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the natriuretic peptides ANP and BNP. A comparison between long and short duration of CPB and off pump surgery]

[Article in German]

Piper SN, Kumle B, Rohm KD, Suttner SW, Lang J, Blome M, Boldt J.

Klinik fur Anasthesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Klinikum Ludwigshafen. swen.n.pipe-online.de

OBJECTIVE: Plasma atrial and brain natriuretic peptide (ANP and BNP) are cardiac hormones secreted mainly due to cardiac overload. The study was designed to assess plasma concentrations of ANP and BNP in patients undergoing coronary bypass grafting (CABG) with long and short duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and without CPB (off-pump surgery). METHODS: We studied 45 patients scheduled for elective CABG. Patients were allocated in three groups: group A received CPB with a duration less than 60 minutes, group B more than 60 minutes and patients without CPB were allocated in group C. ANP and BNP were measured after induction of anaesthesia (T0), at the end of surgery (T1), 4 hrs. (T2), 24 hrs. (T3) and 120 hrs. postoperatively (T4). RESULTS: In all groups, ANP-levels increased from T0 to T4 (group A: from 3.7 +/- 2.1 to 8.9 +/- 8.0; group B: from 3.3 +/- 1.7 to 8.0 +/- 6.0; group C: from 3.0 +/- 1.6 to 5.3 +/- 2.3 pg/ml), but there were no significant differences between the groups. BNP-concentrations increased also from T0 to T4 (group A: from 34 +/- 18 to 234 +/- 164; group B: from 33 +/- 26 to 219 +/- 182; group C: from 33 +/- 24 to 77 +/- 55 pg/ml). Furthermore we measured significant higher BNP-levels in group B compared to group C at T3 and T4. No significant differences between group A and B were found. CONCLUSIONS: CPB influenced BNP, but not ANP plasma concentrations. An influence of the duration of CPB on ANP and BNP was not seen.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12822117&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]

G Chir. 2003 Mar;24(3):73-7.
[In Process Citation]

[Article in Italian]

Tocchi A, Mazzoni G, Miccini M, Bettelli E, Cassini D, Brozzetti S.

Dipartimento di Chirurgia P. Valdoni, Universita degli Studi La Sapienza, Roma.

A retrospective chart review was performed utilizing the First Department of Surgery of the University of Rome "La Sapienza" Medical School database. Ninety-two women who underwent abdominal surgery between 1980 and 1993 for rectal cancer were identified. Data collected included demographics, history, intraoperative findings and complications, cancer histology and stage and follow up. Special attention was focused on intraoperative incidental gynecological findings and follow up. Twenty-two patients being previously submitted to hysterectomy and three with oral intake of hormones were dismitted from the study. Of the remaining 67 patients gynecological procedure was associated to rectal surgery because of a previously undiagnosed gynecological condition. No prophylactic oophorectomies were performed. At follow up 7 patients experienced further surgery for gynecologic disease. The necessity to offer these patients the benefit of a preoperative informed decision about adjunctive gynecologic surgery and indications for bilateral oophorectomy is discussed.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12822211&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]

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