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Pathogen research abs 1 || Pathogen research abs 2 || Pathogen research abs 3 || Pathogen research abs 4 || Pathogen research abs 5 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 1 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 2 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 3 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 4 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 5

J Biol Chem. 1999 Feb 26;274(9):5620-5.
Megalin antagonizes activation of the parathyroid hormone receptor.

Hilpert J, Nykjaer A, Jacobsen C, Wallukat G, Nielsen R, Moestrup SK, Haller H, Luft FC, Christensen EI, Willnow TE.

Franz-Volhard-Clinic, Humboldt-University, 13125 Berlin, Germany.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is predominantly cleared from the circulation by glomerular filtration and degradation in the renal proximal tubules. Here, we demonstrate that megalin, a multifunctional endocytic receptor in the proximal tubular epithelium, mediates the uptake and degradation of PTH. Megalin was purified from kidney membranes as the major PTH-binding protein and shown in BIAcore analysis to specifically bind full-length PTH and amino-terminal PTH fragments (Kd 0.5 microM). Absence of the receptor in megalin knockout mice resulted in 4-fold increased levels of amino-terminal PTH fragments in the urine. In F9 cells expressing both megalin and the PTH/PTH-related peptide receptor (PTH/PTHrP receptor), uptake and lysosomal degradation of the hormone was mediated through megalin. Blocking megalin-mediated clearance of PTH resulted in 3-fold increased stimulation of the PTH/PTHrP receptor. These data provide evidence that megalin is involved in the renal catabolism of PTH and potentially antagonizes PTH/PTHrP receptor activity in the proximal tubular epithelium.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10026179&dopt=Abstract

J Mol Biol. 1999 Mar 5;286(4):1161-77.
Carbohydrate binding, quaternary structure and a novel hydrophobic binding site in two legume lectin oligomers from Dolichos biflorus.

Hamelryck TW, Loris R, Bouckaert J, Dao-Thi MH, Strecker G, Imberty A, Fernandez E, Wyns L, Etzler ME.

Laboratorium voor Ultrastructuur, Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituur voor Biotechnologie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Paardenstraat 65, Sint-Genesius-Rode, B-1640, Belgium. thamelrub.ac.be

The seed lectin (DBL) from the leguminous plant Dolichos biflorus has a unique specificity among the members of the legume lectin family because of its high preference for GalNAc over Gal. In addition, precipitation of blood group A+H substance by DBL is slightly better inhibited by a blood group A trisaccharide (GalNAc(alpha1-3)[Fuc(alpha1-2)]Gal) containing pentasaccharide, and about 40 times better by the Forssman disaccharide (GalNAc(alpha1-3)GalNAc) than by GalNAc. We report the crystal structures of the DBL-blood group A trisaccharide complex and the DBL-Forssman disaccharide complex.A comparison with the binding sites of Gal-binding legume lectins indicates that the low affinity of DBL for Gal is due to the substitution of a conserved aromatic residue by an aliphatic residue (Leu127). Binding studies with a Leu127Phe mutant corroborate these conclusions. DBL has a higher affinity for GalNAc because the N-acetyl group compensates for the loss of aromatic stacking in DBL by making a hydrogen bond with the backbone amide group of Gly103 and a hydrophobic contact with the side-chains of Trp132 and Tyr104.Some legume lectins possess a hydrophobic binding site that binds adenine and adenine-derived plant hormones, i.e. cytokinins. The exact function of this binding site is unknown, but adenine/cytokinin-binding legume lectins might be involved in storage of plant hormones or plant growth regulation. The structures of DBL in complex with adenine and of the dimeric stem and leaf lectin (DB58) from the same plant provide the first structural data on these binding sites. Both oligomers possess an unusual architecture, featuring an alpha-helix sandwiched between two monomers. In both oligomers, this alpha-helix is directly involved in the formation of the hydrophobic binding site. DB58 adopts a novel quaternary structure, related to the quaternary structure of the DBL heterotetramer, and brings the number of know legume lectin dimer types to four. 1999 Academic Press.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10047489&dopt=Abstract

Sci Total Environ. 1999 Jan 12;225(1-2):101-8.
Analysis and occurrence of estrogenic hormones and their glucuronides in surface water and waste water in The Netherlands.

Belfroid AC, Van der Horst A, Vethaak AD, Schafer AJ, Rijs GB, Wegener J, Cofino WP.

Institute for Environmental Studies, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.belfroivm.vu.nl

An analytical procedure was developed that enables routine analysis of four estrogenic hormones in concentrations below 1 ng/l in surface water and waste water. The recovery was 88-98% with a limit of detection of 0.1-2.4 ng/l depending on the compound and the matrix measured. This method was used to determine the occurrence of 17 beta-estradiol, 17 alpha-estradiol, estrone and 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol in the aquatic environment in The Netherlands. The data show that estrogenic hormones can be detected at low concentrations (up to 6 ng/l) at some locations in surface water. In selected effluents of waste water treatment plants estrone and 17 beta-estradiol were detected in concentrations in the ng/l range. Concentrations of 17 alpha-estradiol and the contraceptive 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol were in most of these samples below the limit of detection. Hormone glucuronides were not detected in most surface water and effluents.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10028707&dopt=Abstract

Cell. 1999 Feb 5;96(3):393-403.
A viral mechanism for inhibition of p300 and PCAF acetyltransferase activity.

Chakravarti D, Ogryzko V, Kao HY, Nash A, Chen H, Nakatani Y, Evans RM.

Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.

Nucleosomal histone modification is believed to be a critical step in the activation of RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. p300/CBP and PCAF histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are coactivators for several transcription factors, including nuclear hormone receptors, p53, and Stat1alpha, and participate in transcription by forming an activation complex and by promoting histone acetylation. The adenoviral E1A oncoprotein represses transcriptional signaling by binding to p300/CBP and displacing PCAF and p/CIP proteins from the complex. Here, we show that E1A directly represses the HAT activity of both p300/CBP and PCAF in vitro and p300-dependent transcription in vivo. Additionally, E1A inhibits nucleosomal histone modifications by the PCAF complex and blocks p53 acetylation. These results demonstrate the modulation of HAT activity as a novel mechanism of transcriptional regulation.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10025405&dopt=Abstract

Adv Exp Med Biol. 1998;449:231-40.
Targeted reduction of oxytocin expression provides insights into its physiological roles.

Young WS 3rd, Shepard E, DeVries AC, Zimmer A, LaMarca ME, Ginns EI, Amico J, Nelson RJ, Hennighausen L, Wagner KU.

Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Regulation, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. scotippy.nimh.nih.gov

Oxytocin is a nonapeptide hormone that participates in the regulation of parturition and lactation. It has also been implicated in various behaviors, such as mating and maternal, and memory. To investigate whether or not oxytocin (OT) is essential for any of these functions, we eliminated, by homologous recombination, most of the first intron and the last two exons of the OT gene in mice. Those exons encode the neurophysin portion of the oxytocin preprohormone which is hypothesized to help in the packaging and transport of OT. The homozygous mutant mice have no detectable neurophysin or processed oxytocin in the paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus or posterior pituitary. Interestingly, homozygous mutant males and females are fertile and the homozygous mutant females are able to deliver their litters. However, the pups do not successfully suckle and die within 24 hours without milk in their stomachs. OT injection into the dams or rescue with the rat OT gene restores the milk ejection in response to suckling. OT is also needed for post-partum alveolar proliferation. These results indicate an absolute requirement for oxytocin for successful milk ejection, but not for mating, parturition and milk production, in mice. Furthermore, homozygous mutant mice show reduced aggression in some tests.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10026810&dopt=Abstract

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