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Pathogen research abs 1 || Pathogen research abs 2 || Pathogen research abs 3 || Pathogen research abs 4 || Pathogen research abs 5 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 1 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 2 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 3 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 4 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 5

J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Dec;15 Suppl 5:1351-4.
Skeletal consequences of discontinuation of growth hormone at final height.

Drake WM, Carroll PV, Savage MO, Monson JP.

Department of Endocrinology, St. Bartholomew 's Hospital, London, UK. w.m.drakmul.ac.uk

In light of the well-described adult growth-hormone (GH) deficiency syndrome, the traditional clinical practice of discontinuation of GH therapy in GH-deficient adolescent patients at completion of linear growth requires re-evaluation. Peak bone mass, an important determinant of the subsequent risk of osteoporosis-related fracture in later life, occurs several years after the completion of linear growth. Given that GH has important anabolic actions on bone, discontinuation of GH therapy at the completion of linear growth may have adverse consequences for the attainment of peak bone mass in adolescent GH-deficient patients. This paper discusses the role of GH in the attainment of peak bone mass and some of the accumulating evidence that cessation of GH at final height may compromise bone mineral accretion in GH-deficient adolescent patients.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12510990&dopt=Abstract

J Urol. 2002 Sep;168(3):1212-4.
Receptor gene messenger RNA expression in metastatic lesions of prostate cancer.

Straub B, Muller M, Krause H, Schrader M, Goessl C, Miller K.

Department of Urology, Universitatsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universitat Berlin, Germany.

PURPOSE: There are hardly any options for treating hormone refractory prostate cancer. Some groups have already suggested antitumor therapy of prostate cancer using agonists, antagonists or other concepts acting on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) receptor. Few studies have been published to date on the detection of LH-RH receptors in human prostate cancer tissue. However, at this point it is completely unclear in this context whether metastasizing prostate cancer lesions, which may be major potential targets of a type of therapy, have any LH-RH receptors. In this study we examined tumor samples of lymph nodes from patients with prostate cancer obtained during radical prostatectomy and laparoscopic lymphadenectomy for the expression of LH-RH receptor messenger (m)RNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was done to detect the expression of the mRNA of LH-RH receptor, prostate specific antigen and beta-actin in pelvic lymph nodes from 100 patients with prostate cancer. RESULTS: In 27 patients at least 1 histopathological metastasis (19) and/or positive RT-PCR for prostate specific antigen (22) was identified. In 7 of these patients (25.9%) RT-PCR revealed LH-RH mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge our study shows for the first time a rather low incidence of LH-RH receptor mRNA in primary pelvic lymph node metastases. However, since other studies show that an increased incidence of LH-RH receptors is typical of the hormone refractory stage of the disease, further studies in this specific patient population may help explain the clinical importance of LH-RH receptors in the development of new therapeutic approaches to advanced prostate cancer.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12187269&dopt=Abstract

J Urol. 2002 Sep;168(3):1279-83.
Recovery of spermatogenesis by high dose gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue treatment in rat cryptorchid testis after orchiopexy.

Udagawa K, Takeda M, Hosaka M, Kubota Y, Ogawa T.

Department of Urology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan.

PURPOSE: Cryptorchidism is an adverse condition of spermatogenesis in many mammals. Surgical cryptorchidism in rats lasting more than a few weeks is so detrimental that spermatogenesis cannot be completely recovered even after orchiopexy. We evaluated the efficacy of the high dose gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) agonist leuprorelin acetate on damaged spermatogenesis in rat cryptorchid testes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Fisher rats were divided into 2 groups of 6 each and bilateral cryptorchidism was artificially produced. Five weeks later all rats underwent bilateral orchiopexy. One group served as the control, while the other received Gn-RH agonist injections at orchiopexy and 4 weeks later. The animals were sacrificed 15 weeks after orchiopexy. The weight of the body, testis and epididymis was measured and the histology of spermatogenesis was examined. For statistical analysis the Student t test was applied. RESULTS: Testes in the Gn-RH group rats showed significant recovery of spermatogenesis up to complete spermatozoa formation, while those in control rats remained almost degenerated. The mean incidence of seminiferous tubules with recovered spermatogenesis plus or minus standard deviation was significantly higher in the Gn-RH than in the control group (87.8% +/- 6.0% versus 12.5% +/- 7.7%, p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Administering the high dose Gn-RH agonist leuprorelin acetate after orchiopexy greatly enhanced the recovery of spermatogenesis in rats. This finding is in accordance with other recent reports that treatment with Gn-RH analogues promotes the regeneration of once damaged spermatogenesis. On the other hand, these findings may cause one to question supplementation therapy now used in regular practice to boys with cryptorchidism.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12187282&dopt=Abstract

J Nippon Med Sch. 2002 Aug;69(4):347-54.
Morphological and histochemical characteristics of mast cells and the content of in-tissue histamine in various pathological parathyroids: do mast cells participate in hormone secretion in human parathyroids?

Iwamura T, Shimizu K, Tanaka S.

Department of Surgery II, Nippon Medical School, Japan.

The possibility of the participation of mast cells in human parathyroid hormone secretion was studied with regard to the frequency, distribution, and sub-types of mast cells and the content of in-tissue histamine, a chemical mediator in mast-cell granules, in human parathyroids with various pathological conditions. The above factors were compared between those of a 'normal' parathyroid group and those of 'pathological' parathyroids associated with adenoma and hyperplasia.Specimens were scanned for the mean value of the mast cell number per field of microscopic view and for the ratio of the mast cell number in glandular parenchymal tissue to that in interstitial tissue. The activated state of the mast cells was examined through classifying the mast cells into two sub-types, mucosal mast cells and connective-tissue mast cells. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used for assay of in-tissue histamine. The frequency of mast cells showed no difference between the groups, whereas the distribution of mast cells, showed a distinct difference. The occurrence rate of mast cells in glandular parenchymal tissue in the 'pathological' group presented an increase as compared with that in the 'normal' group. Furthermore, the occurrence rate of mucosal mast cells in an activated state also showed an increase. This suggests that mast cells are likely to participate in parathyroid hormone secretion. The histamine-content in the 'normal' group was significantly larger than that in the 'pathological' group, which was a different outcome from that observed in mast cells from the results of light microscopy. This may require taking into consideration the difference in the histamine content of the mast cells themselves between that of mucosal mast cells and connective-tissue mast cells.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12187367&dopt=Abstract

Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk. 2002;(7):23-8.
[Regulation of the functional status of the lower esophageal sphincter with gastrointestinal hormones in cardiospasm and reflux esophagitis]

[Article in Russian]

Poroikova MV, Efendieeva MT, Vinnitskii LI.

A role of gastrointestinal hormones in the regulation of the lower esophageal sphincter was studied in 22 patients with cardiospasm and 21 with reflux esophagitis. The levels of gastrin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), glucagon, insulin, and c peptide were determined by radioactive assay before and after surgical treatment. In opposite abnormalities (cardiospasm and reflux esophagitis), there is a different degree of VIP secretion both at the beginning and after functional exercises. Before and after functional exercises, the level of VIP was higher than in those with cardiospasm. The value of VIP on fasting and after functional exercises may be an additional information to establish the diagnoses of cardiospasm and reflux esophagitis and to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment performed.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12187536&dopt=Abstract

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