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Pathogen research abs 1 || Pathogen research abs 2 || Pathogen research abs 3 || Pathogen research abs 4 || Pathogen research abs 5 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 1 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 2 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 3 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 4 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 5

Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Mar;245(1-2):115-20.
Inhibitory effect of menaquinone-7 (vitamin K2) on the bone-resorbing factors-induced bone resorption in elderly female rat femoral tissues in vitro.

Yamaguchi M, Uchiyama S, Tsukamoto Y.

Laboratory of Endocrinology and Molecular Metabolism, Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan. yamaguc-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp

The inhibitory effect of menaquinone-7 (MK-7; vitamin K2) on osteoclast-like cell formation and osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro is found (Mol Cell Biochem 228: 39-47, 2001). This study, furthermore, was undertaken to determine the effect of MK-7 on the bone-resorbing factor-induced bone resorption using the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues obtained from elderly female rats in vitro. Femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues were cultured for 48 h in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (high glucose, 4.5%) supplemented with antibiotics and bovine serum albumin. The experimental cultures contained MK-7 (10(-7)-10(-5) M). The bone-resorbing factors, parathyroid hormone (1-34) (PTH; 10(-7) M) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; 10(-5) M), caused a significant decrease in calcium content in the diaphyseal and metaphyseal tissues. The PTH or PGE2-induced decrease in bone calcium content was completely inhibited in the presence of MK-7 (10(-7)-10(-5) M). In addition, MK-7 (10(-7)-10(-5) M) completely prevented the PTH (10(-7) M)- or PGE2 (10(-5) M)-induced increase in medium glucose consumption and lactic acid production by bone tissues. These results support the view that MK-7 has a direct inhibitory effect on the bone-resorbing factor-induced bone resorption in bone culture using female aged femoral tissues in vitro.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12708750&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]

Cancer Res. 1975 May;35(5):1341-53.
Estriol prevention of mammary carcinoma induced by 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene and procarbazine.

Lemon HM.

The concentration of estrogenic, androgenic, progestational, and adrenocortical steroid hormones in body fluids of mature intact Sprague-Dawley female rats was increased by s.c. implantation of 5 to 7 mg NaCl pellets containing 1 to 20% steroid 48 hr before administration p.o. of either 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene or procarbazine. The incidence of rats developing one or more mammary carcinomas in each treated group was compared to that ovserved in simultaneously treated groups receiving only the carcinogen, steroid, or no treatment whatsoever, with weekly observation of all rats until palpably growing tumors were biopsied and proven carcinomatous or until death occurred from other causes determined by autopsy. A total of 105 untreated or steroid-implanted rats followed to death (234 to 256 days median observation) developed no breast carcinomas. Rats fed either of the carcinogens developed initial evidence of breast carcinoma, after 136 to 156 days median observation, in 51 to 57% of 318 total treated rats. Nonbreast carcinomas and sarcomas developed in 5 to 10% of the carcinogen-treated rats.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=123480&dopt=Abstract

Endocrinology. 1975 Apr;96(4):982-93.
The hypothalamo-neurohypophysial complex in organ culture: morphologic and biochemical characteristics.

Pearson D, Shainberg A, Osinchak J, Sachs H.

Organ cultures of the guinea pig hypothalamo-neurohypophysial complex could be maintained for periods as long as 3 weeks. Morphological studies using conventional light microscopy as well as electron microscopy indicate that neurosecretory cells remain viable during this time. Biochemical studies show that the capability of the cultures to synthesize a normal spectrum of cellular RNA species is impaired during the initial day in culture, but that this capability is restored after 4-5 days. Similarly, protein synthesis proceeds at low levels during initial days of culture, but increases after 5 days. These phenomena appear to be independent of changes in the specific radioactivity of precursor pools and were also observed when outgrowth of non-neuronal cells is inhibited with fluorodeoxyuridine. The content of vasopressin, a product of a specific class of neurosecretory neurons, was found to decrease in the posterior pituitary during 7 - 10 days in culture by 50-70 percent; the levels then plateaued and were maintained for up to 3 weeks. The hypothalamic content of the hormone was relatively constant throughout the culture period. Of most importance was the demonstration that the organ cultures were capable of vasopressin biosynthesis. This capability paralleled the biosynthetic activity of RNA and gross protein metabolism in that there was an initial refractory period of several days duration.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=123502&dopt=Abstract

J Lab Clin Med. 1975 May;85(5):832-7.
Enhancement of intestinal sucrase activity in experimental diabetes: the role of intraluminal factors.

Olsen WA, Korsmo H.

Experimental diabetes alters intestinal mucosal function in a variety of ways including the enhancement of both active transport processes and the activity of brush-border hydrolases. These effects could result from changes in either intraluminal factors (food, bile, pancreatic enzymes) or extraluminal factors (blood flow, hormones, nervous impulses). To determine the role of intraluminal factors we studied the effect of diabetes on segments of jejunum completely excluded from luminal continuity, but with intact blood and nerve supply. Three weeks after construction of Thiry-Vella fistulas in rats, diabetes was induced with streptozotocin. Five days later sucrase activity was measured in both the excluded segment and in the proximal jejunum. Exclusion alone resulted in a 77 per cent decrease in mucosal protein content with no change in sucrase specific activity suggesting simply a diminished number of mucosal cells. Diabetes increased the specific activity of sucrase from 0.0643 mumoles per minute per milligram of protein plus or minus 0.0077 (SEM) to 0.1074 plus or minus 0.0182 (P smaller than 0.05) in the proximal jejunum and from 0.0467 plus or minus 0.0047 to 0.1040 plus or minus 0.0191 (P smaller than 0.02) in the excluded segment. These results provide conclusive evidence that the diabetic enhancement of sucrase activity is independent of intraluminal factors and must be the consequence of extraluminal changes.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=123549&dopt=Abstract

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Feb;72(2):604-8.
Enhancement of somatomedin titers of normal and hypopituitary sera by addition of L-triiodothyronone in vitro at physiological concentrations.

Audhya TK, Gibson KD.

Somatomedin potencies of sera were assayed by following sulfation of mucopolysaccharides in chick embryo sterna in vitro. Apparent potencies of sera from hypophysectomized rats, maintained on a low-iodine diet, were restored to levels above normal by addition to the incubation medium of L-triiodothyronine at 10-7 mol/liter of serum. The potencies of normal rat, human, and fetal calf sera were raised 1.3- to 3-fold by addition of triiodothyronine at 10-9-10-7 mol/liter of serum. L-Thyroxine was about 10 times less effective than triiodothyronine. Triiodothyronine alone did not stimulate sulfation to nearly the same extent as triiodothyronine plus serum, even at higher concentrations. Serum could not be substituted in this system by any of six purified hormones, nor by trace metals or amino acids not included in the incubation mixture. It is concluded that triiodothyronine, in combination with a factor in serum, causes a rapid stimulation of sulfation in chick embryo cartilage, and that thyroid hormones may be involved in the action of normal serum on this tissue.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=123643&dopt=Abstract

The average human scalp is covered by approximatey 100,000 hair follicles. Each hair undergoes hair cycle and normally 50-100 hairs randomly fall out a day, which is unnoticeable because lost hair is replaced by as many new hairs springing up daily. Hair loss results from the fall out of hair from the hair follicle. Alopecia or excessive, premature hair loss is the condition caused by many factors. Loss of hair itself does not pose critical health problems because biological role of human hair is relatively marginal. Hair on our scalp protects the head from mechanical shock, heat loss, and exposure to UV-light. The eyelashes and eyebrowes protect the eyes, and hair in the ear canal or the nasal passages help filter out particles and pathogens, thus protecting our internal organs. However, hair does play important social role: it is one of the major determinants of our appearance and identity in daily life. Fullness of hair also implicates or manifests physical integrity and youthfulness of the person. Losing hair could have more than just emotional impacts on individuals. The hair is a unique organ that goes through a characteristic cycle consisting of an immature phase, a growing phase called anagen, a transitional phase between the growing phase and the resting phase called catagen, and finally a resting phase called telogen in which the hair stops growing, waiting to fall out. 85-90% of hairs on our body are in anagen phase or growing phase, which lasts anywhere from two to five years. This phase is followed by a short regression phase, or catagen, which lasts 2-3 weeks. Approximately 1% of hair follicles are in catagen. Approximately 10-15% of hair follicles are in the resting phase, the telogen, which lasts about 3-5 months. Hair follicles typically goes through 10-20 asynchronous cycles during the lifetime. Persistent loss of more than 150 hairs would consist a state of hair loss, or alopecia, albeit it could be temporary.

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