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Physiol Behav. 2002 Apr 1;75(4):541-9.
Effects of withdrawal from anabolic androgenic steroids on aggression in adult male rats.

McGinnis MY, Lumia AR, Possidente BP.

Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. marilyn.mcginnissm.edu

In gonadally intact male rats, chronic exposure to high levels of testosterone propionate (TP) increases aggression, nandrolone (ND) has little effect and stanozolol (ST) suppresses aggression. The present experiment tested whether the effects of TP, ND and ST on aggression and reproductive tissues are reversed following anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) withdrawal. Gonadally intact males received TP, ND, ST or vehicle for 12 weeks. Injections were then discontinued. Aggression was tested 3 weeks (short term) and 12 weeks (long term) after withdrawal of AAS treatment, with either a gonadally intact or a castrated opponent in three different environments (home, opponent's and neutral cage). After short-term withdrawal, some parameters of aggression were significantly above control levels in TP males. There were no significant differences between ND or ST males and controls, though ST males showed the lowest levels of aggression. No significant differences between any of the groups were found after long-term withdrawal. Eighteen weeks after AAS withdrawal, serum testosterone (T) and LH levels were comparable to controls in all groups. Testes weights were at control levels in ST males, but significantly higher than controls in TP and ND males. Seminal vesicle weights were significantly elevated in TP males, but similar to controls in both ND and ST males. None of the prostate weights were significantly different from controls. These results suggest that aggression gradually returns to normal following withdrawal from AAS. Some, if not all, hormone levels and tissue weights return to normal, suggesting possible long-lasting effects of chronic AAS exposure.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12062318&dopt=Abstract

Physiol Behav. 2002 Apr 1;75(4):551-5.
Nest building in nulligravid, primigravid and primiparous C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice (Mus musculus).

Bond TL, Neumann PE, Mathieson WB, Brown RE.

Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4J1.

C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) mice differ in maternal behavior and nest building, but previous observations on nest building appear to be contradictory. Lactating B6 females spent more time nest building than lactating D2 females [Physiol. Behav. 67 (1999) 599.]; however, pregnant D2 females have been reported to build better nests than pregnant B6 females [Physiol. Behav. 29 (1982) 153.]. To resolve this apparent discrepancy, virgin B6 and D2 females were mated, and the nest quality of nulligravid, primigravid and lactating primiparous females was compared between groups and with that of virgin females. There were no strain differences in the nest ratings of virgin or mated nulligravid females, nor did these groups differ within strains. Pregnant and lactating females of both strains built better nests than nonpregnant females. There was an increase in nest ratings in both strains on the day of parturition. The nest ratings of pregnant and lactating females were higher in B6 than D2 females. The largest strain differences were observed between pregnant B6 and D2 females. One hypothesis to account for these results is that females of these two strains differ in their levels of or sensitivity to hormones during pregnancy and parturition.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12062319&dopt=Abstract

FEBS Lett. 2002 Apr 24;517(1-3):83-6.
Phytanic acid, but not pristanic acid, mediates the positive effects of phytol derivatives on brown adipocyte differentiation.

Schluter A, Giralt M, Iglesias R, Villarroya F.

Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

The phytol derivatives phytanic acid and pristanic acid may activate nuclear hormone receptors and influence gene expression and cell differentiation. Phytanic acid induces brown adipocyte differentiation. It was determined that brown fat and brown adipocytes are sites of high gene expression of phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase, the enzyme required for initiation of peroxisomal alpha-oxidation of phytanic acid. However, the effects of phytanic acid were not mediated by its alpha-oxidation product pristanic acid, which did not promote brown adipocyte differentiation or stimulate transcription of the uncoupling protein-1 gene. Moreover, acute cold exposure of mice caused a dramatic mobilization of the phytanic acid stores in brown adipose tissue thus suggesting that a high local exposure to phytanic acid in brown fat may contribute to signalling adaptive changes in the tissue in response to thermogenic activation.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12062414&dopt=Abstract

FEBS Lett. 2002 Apr 24;517(1-3):195-200.
A conserved Asn in TM7 of the thyrotropin receptor is a common requirement for activation by both mutations and its natural agonist.

Claeysen S, Govaerts C, Lefort A, Van Sande J, Costagliola S, Pardo L, Vassart G.

IRIBHN, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, 808 route de Lennik, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium

The wide spectrum of naturally occurring mutations able to activate the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor provides a useful tool to approach the structure of the active state(s) of the glycoprotein hormone receptors. Here we show that the side-chain of the highly conserved N7.49 (Asn 674) in TM7 is mandatory for activation of the TSH receptor, not only by TSH, but also by a panel of eight natural and two artificial activating mutations. Basal activity levels of the mutants were significantly decreased by suppression of the side-chain of N7.49 (N7.49A double mutants). In addition, comparative effects of the N7.49A substitution on the ten mutants demonstrate that basal activity and agonist- or mutation-stimulated activity might involve different structural changes.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12062436&dopt=Abstract

Child Dev. 2002 Nov-Dec;73(6):1678-87.
Testosterone during pregnancy and gender role behavior of preschool children: a longitudinal, population study.

Hines M, Golombok S, Rust J, Johnston KJ, Golding J; Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Study Team.

Department of Psychology, City University, London, UK. m.hineity.ac.uk

Levels of testosterone (T) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured in blood samples from pregnant women and related to gender role behavior in 342 male and 337 female offspring at the age of 3.5 years. Gender role behavior was assessed using the Pre-School Activities Inventory, a standardized measure on which a parent indicates the child's involvement with sex-typical toys, games, and activities. Levels of T, but not SHBG, related linearly to gender role behavior in preschool girls. Neither hormone related to gender role behavior in boys. Other factors, including the presence of older brothers or sisters in the home, parental adherence to traditional sex roles, the presence of a male partner in the home, and maternal education, did not relate to gender role behavior in this sample and did not account for the relation observed between T and behavior. Although other, unmeasured factors may explain the relation, the results suggest that normal variability in T levels prenatally may contribute to the development of individual differences in the gender role behavior of preschool girls.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12487486&dopt=Abstract

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