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Pathogen research abs 1 || Pathogen research abs 2 || Pathogen research abs 3 || Pathogen research abs 4 || Pathogen research abs 5 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 1 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 2 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 3 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 4 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 5

J Anim Sci. 2002 Jun;80(6):1623-8.
Effects of N-methyl-D,L-aspartate on LH, GH, and testosterone secretion in goat bucks maintained under long or short photoperiods.

Gazal S, Kouakou B, Amoah EA, Barb CR, Barrett JB, Gelaye S.

Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, MN 56301, USA. ogazatcloudstate.edu

Photoperiod modulates reproduction in goats. We tested the hypothesis that the excitatory glutamatergic tone is reduced in the photoinhibited goat. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of photoperiod and glutamatergic stimulation on LH, GH, and testosterone (T) secretion in goat bucks. Eight mature, intact bucks were used in two simultaneous 4 x 4 Latin square designs. Variables were two photoperiod regimens (short day; SD, 10 h light:14 h dark, n = 4; vs long day; LD, 16 h light:8 h dark, n = 4) and four doses of N-methyl-D-L-aspartate (NMA; 0, 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg BW, i.v.). Venous blood was obtained for 2 h before and after NMA injection, followed by GnRH injection and then a final 1 h of sampling. Injection of NMA increased (P < 0.002) LH secretion within 20 min. This increase was sustained for 120 min, but the response was most pronounced in LD goats. The increase in mean LH was associated with a concomitant dose-dependent increase in pulse frequency (P < 0.006). However, NMA treatment had no effect (P > 0.10) on LH pulse amplitude. The release of LH after injection of GnRH was not affected by photoperiod. Exposure of bucks to LD reduced T secretion relative to that of SD bucks (P < 0.01). However, GH secretion was enhanced in LD bucks (P< 0.001). The response of GH to NMA was dependent on photoperiod history. A highly significant immediate and sustained increase (P < 0.001) was observed in LD but not in SD bucks within 10 min. Overall, a dose-dependent increase (P < 0.01) in T secretion was stimulated by NMA in both LD and SD bucks. These results indicate that NMA receptors may be involved in the regulation of LH, GH, and testosterone secretion in the goat. Furthermore, length of day influences GH secretion in the goat and NMA receptor activation had divergent effects on the secretion of this hormone.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12078744&dopt=Abstract

Ann Thorac Surg. 2002 Jun;73(6):1765-8; discussion 1769.
Change of serum growth factors in infants with isolated ventricular defect undergoing surgical repair.

Tsai TP, Yu JM, Wu YL, Huang CY, Chen FL.

Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, China. tsash.org.tw

BACKGROUND: Despite increasing clinical use and recent evidence that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and human growth hormone (hGH) target the heart, the clinical manifestations following the change in the serum growth factors in infants with isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD) undergoing surgical repair have not been clearly defined. METHODS: Twenty normal infants (group I) and 44 consecutive infants with echocardiography established isolated VSD (aged from 3 months to 1 year; body weight from 6.0 +/- 1.8 kg to 8.2 +/- 1.6 kg) were investigated. Among 44 infants with VSD, 20 with shunt fraction, Qp/Qs < or = 1.5 were free of symptoms of congestive heart failure (group II); 24 with shunt fraction, Qp/Qs > or = 2.0 were in congestive heart failure (group IIIa); and 20 of these 24 infants had undergone VSD repair 6 months before their second study (group IIIb). Serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and hGH factors were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a monoclonal antibody. RESULTS: The serum levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and hGH factors were 111.9 +/- 2.3 ng/mL, 22.0 +/- 2.3 ng/mL, and 3.6 +/- 0.7 microIU/mL for group I; 63.8 +/- 8.2 ng/mL, 17.1 +/- 1.6 ng/mL, and 4.1 +/- 1.2 microIU/mL for group II; 24.0 +/- 2.6 ng/mL, 9.4 +/- 0.7 ng/mL, and 14.7 +/- 3.5 microIU/mL for group IIIa; 79.4 +/- 12 ng/mL, 20.3 +/- 1.3 ng/mL, and 4.3 +/- 0.7 microIU/mL for group IIIb. In comparison to group I, the decrease in serum levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in groups II and IIIa were statistically significant (in group II 43% and 32%, p < 0.05; in group IIIa 79% and 37%, p < 0.01). Also the increase in serum level of hGH concentration in group IIIa was significant (increased threefold, p < 0.01). Interestingly, the change in serum levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3 (decrease), and hGH (increase), returned to the normal range of serum levels after VSD repair in group IIIb. All congestive heart failure symptoms subsided in group IIIb during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Improvement in serum levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and hGH were identified in infants with VSD after surgical repair.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12078767&dopt=Abstract

Endocrinology. 2003 Jan;144(1):129-37.
Specificity of cognate ligand-receptor interactions: fusion proteins of human chorionic gonadotropin and the heptahelical receptors for human luteinizing hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone.

Schubert RL, Narayan P, Puett D.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-7229, USA.

The family of glycoprotein hormones and their homologous heptahelical receptors represent an excellent system for comparative structure-function studies. We have engineered single chain molecules of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) fused to its cognate receptor, LH receptor (LHR), and to the noncognate receptors, TSH receptor (TSHR) and FSH receptor (FSHR; N-beta-alpha-receptor-C), to create the yoked (Y) complexes YCG/LHR, YCG/TSHR, and YCG/FSHR. The expression and bioactivity of these fusion proteins were examined in transiently transfected HEK 293 cells. Western blot analysis and antibody binding assays demonstrated that each of the proteins was expressed. In the case of YCG/LHR, minimal binding of exogenous hormone was observed due to the continued occupation of receptor by the fused ligand. The presence of hCG in the YCG/TSHR and YCG/FSHR, however, did not prevent binding of exogenous cognate ligand, presumably due to the lower affinity of hCG. The basal cAMP levels in cells expressing the YCG/LHR complex was approximately 20-fold higher than that in cells expressing LHR. Increases in basal cAMP production were also observed with YCG/TSHR and YCG/FSHR, e.g. 13- and 4-fold increases, respectively. Whereas the affinity and specificity of hCG for LHR are extraordinarily high, the hormone is capable of binding to and activating both TSHR and FSHR under these conditions that mimic high ligand concentrations. These findings were confirmed by adding high concentrations of hCG to cells expressing TSHR and FSHR. Although the functional interaction of hCG and TSHR has been recognized in gestational hyperthyroidism, there are no reports linking hCG to FSHR activation. This study, however, suggests that such a functional interaction is capable of occurring under conditions of high circulating levels of hCG, e.g. the first trimester of pregnancy and in patients with hCG-secreting tumors.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12488338&dopt=Abstract

J Clin Immunol. 2002 May;22(3):137-43.
Study of autoimmunity in Klinefelter's syndrome and idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

Oktenli C, Yesilova Z, Kocar IH, Musabak U, Ozata M, Inal A, Gul D, Sanisoglu Y.

Department of Internal Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy and Faculty, Ankara, Turkey. coktenlata.edu.tr

Sex hormones play an important role in determining the progression and severity of autoimmune diseases, but the in vivo mechanisms underlying this relation are poorly understood. The main objective of current study has been to compare the changes in neuroendocrine immune features and autoantibody profile in male patients with hypogonadotropic and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and to determine the relationships between sex hormones and immunologic parameters. Thirty-seven male patients with Klinefelter's syndrome and 35 men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism who had no history of previous hormonal therapy and 30 healthy men were recruited in the study. Serum autoantibody profile, sex hormones, and immunologic parameters were studied. In conclusion, our findings suggest that both humoral and cellular immunity is enhanced in male hypogonadism. Klinefelter's syndrome patients also had increased frequency of antiextractable nuclear antibodies and anticardiolipin antibodies positivity compared to idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism patients. It is possible that testosterone deficiency and increased levels of estradiol are primary responsible factors for this enhanced autoantibody production in Klinefelter's syndrome patients.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12078855&dopt=Abstract

Poult Sci. 2002 Jun;81(6):805-8.
Collagen X expression in oviduct tissue during the different stages of the egg laying cycle.

Wang X, Ford BC, Praul CA, Leach RM Jr.

Department of Poultry Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-3501, USA.

The purpose of this investigation was to study the expression of type X collagen in the hen's oviduct. Type X collagen is a short-chain collagen that is present in the fibers of eggshell membranes, and there is evidence to suggest that it contributes to structural integrity. In situ hybridization and Northern blot analysis were used to study the expression of this important matrix constituent. The results demonstrated that gene expression was predominantly in the tubular gland cells of the isthmus segment of the oviduct. In contrast to observations with other matrix proteins, such as parathyroid hormone-related peptide and osteopontin, gene expression did not fluctuate with the position of the egg in the oviduct.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12079047&dopt=Abstract

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