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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs || Tuberculosis research abs || Pneumonia research abs || Constipation research abs || Laxative research abs || hair research abs || hair related research references || testosterone related research references || melanin related research references

J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Oct;18(5):391-400.
Production of prostaglandin e(2) by iridial melanocytes exposed to latanoprost acid, a prostaglandin F(2 alpha) analogue.

Bergh K, Wentzel P, Stjernschantz J.

Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Pharmacology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. kerstin.bergeuro.uu.se

Several prostaglandin analogues used for glaucoma treatment cause increased pigmentation of the iris. The purpose of the present study was investigate whether latanoprost, a PGF(2 alpha) analogue, has any effect on the production of endogenous prostaglandins in iridial melanocytes, which could be important in the mechanism leading to increased pigmentation. Bovine and human iridial melanocytes in culture were used for the experiments. Production of endogenous prostaglandins was measured by enzyme immunoassay, and the melanin content was measured spectrophotometrically. In bovine iridial melanocytes, latanoprost acid caused a significant increase of the PGE(2) production, which could be blocked by indomethacin and NS398, indicating an involvement of cyclo-oxygenase 2. In order to study the selectivity of the phenomenon other endogenous substances/drugs were tested, e.g., acetylcholine, carbachol, noradrenaline, neuropeptide Y, substance P and alpha-MSH, but none was found to have any significant effect. Human iridial melanocytes also responded to latanoprost acid with increased production of PGE(2) and in 1 out of 5 individuals increased melanogenesis coincided with increased PGE(2) production. In bovine iridial melanocytes, latanoprost acid did not stimulate melanogenesis. These results indicate that latanoprost acid cause enhanced formation of endogenous prostaglandins that may have auto- and/or paracrine effects in the melanocytes, possibly associated with melanogenesis.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12419090&dopt=Abstract

n1.noevir.co.jp

The antimelanogenic activity of six hydrocoumarins and alpha-tocopherol (alpha-Toc) in normal human melanocytes was evaluated in both cell culture systems and cell homogenates. The inhibitory effects of hydrocoumarins depended upon their substituent groups. alpha-Toc and some of the hydrocoumarins inhibited melanogenesis in cultured normal human melanocytes, although they did not influence melanin synthesis in enzyme solution prepared as cell homogenates. In addition, alpha-Toc and the hydrocoumarins stimulated intracellular glutathione (GSH) synthesis. In particular, 7-allyl-6-hydroxy-4,4,5,8-tetramethylhydrocoumarin strongly inhibited melanogenesis and intracellular GSH synthesis in normal human melanocytes, more so than alpha-Toc. Furthermore, hydrocoumarins exhibited higher scavenging and quenching activities against with tert-butyl peroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen species. These results suggest that 7-allyl-6-hydroxy-4,4,5,8-tetramethyl hydrocoumarin would be useful as an antimelanogenic agent for the prevention or improvement of skin pigmentation induced by reactive oxygen compounds and free radicals, and may inhibit melanogenesis, including tyrosinase transfer and melanosome differentiation, by interrupting melanization by increasing the intracellular GSH content.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12420103&dopt=Abstract

Skin Res Technol. 2002 Nov;8(4):282-7.
Melanoma or pigmented basal cell carcinoma: a clinical-pathologic correlation with dermoscopy, in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy, and routine histology.

Charles CA, Marghoob AA, Busam KJ, Clark-Loeser L, Halpern AC.

Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: New techniques are being explored for improving diagnostic accuracy of pigmented skin lesions. Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) may represent such a novel technique. The purpose of this report was to demonstrate the potential application of CSLM as an aid in the diagnosis of a pigmented skin lesion that is clinically suspicious for melanoma. METHODS: An irregular pigmented lesion was examined clinically and dermoscopically. The lesion was imaged by CSLM and subsequently excised for histologic examination. Findings from CSLM were correlated with features observed on the dermoscopic and histologic examination. RESULTS: Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) allowed for the non-invasive visualization of the histologic features of superficial pigmented BCC, including buds and "islands" of tumor cells at the dermoepidermal junction and melanin-laden macrophages. Conventional histology confirmed the diagnosis of pigmented BCC. CONCLUSION: Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) may serve as an aid in the non-invasive diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions clinically suspicious for melanoma.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12423549&dopt=Abstract

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