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Milk thistle||Saw palmetto||
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DHEA||Coenzyme Q10||
Sleep Aid herbal formula - natural sleep aid||Herbal Breath - herbs for bad breath problems.||
Weight loss herbal formula||Ginkgo biloba||
Colon cleansing, Laxative for constipation relief, laxative, and colon cleansing||ViaVita, Lecithin for healthy liver
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hair research abs ||
hair related research references ||
testosterone related research references ||
melanin related research references
Pigment Cell Res. 2003 Aug;16(4):355-65.
Comparison of the structural and physical properties of human hair eumelanin following enzymatic or acid/base extraction.
Liu Y, Kempf VR, Nofsinger JB, Weinert EE, Rudnicki M, Wakamatsu K, Ito S, Simon JD.
Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Eumelanin was isolated from a sample of black, Indonesian human hair using three different published procedures: two different acid/base extractions and an enzymatic extraction. The morphology and spectroscopic properties of the isolated pigments differ significantly. The acid/base procedures both yield an amorphous material, while enzymatic extraction yields ellipsoidal melanosomes. Amino acid analysis shows that there is protein associated with the isolated pigments, accounting for 52, 40 and 14% of the total mass for the two acid/base extractions and the enzymatic extraction, respectively. The amino acid compositions do not correlate with those of keratin or tyrosinase. Metal elemental analysis shows that the acid/base extraction removes a majority of many metal ions bound to the pigment. Chemical degradation analysis by KMnO4/H+ and H2O2/OH- indicates significant differences between the pigments isolated by acid/base and enzymatic extraction. After correction for the protein mass in the two pigments, the lower yields of both pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid and pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, eumelanin degradation products, indicate acid/base extraction modifies the chemical structure of the melanin, consistent with the result of Soluene solubilization assay. While the optical absorption spectra of the bulk pigments are similar, the spectra of the molecular weight less than 1000 mass fractions differ significantly. The data clearly indicate that pigment obtained from human hair by acid/base extraction contains significant protein, exhibits destruction of the melanosome, and possesses altered molecular structure. The acid/base extracted hair melanin is not representative of the natural material and is a poor model system for studying the physical and biological properties of melanins. The enzymatically extracted hair melanin, on the contrary, retains the morphology of intact melanosomes and is an excellent source of human melanin.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12859619&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
Pigment Cell Res. 2003 Aug;16(4):374-82.
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is required but is not sufficient to induce the expression of melanogenic genes.
Gaggioli C, Busca R, Abbe P, Ortonne JP, Ballotti R.
Faculte de Medecine, Biologie et Physiopathologie de la Peau, Nice cedex, France.
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) plays a pivotal role in melanocyte survival and differentiation. Nevertheless, until now it has not been possible to show that MITF regulates the expression of the endogenous tyrosinase or Tyrp1. Further, a direct involvement of MITF in the regulation of melanin synthesis, a key parameter of melanocyte differentiation, remains to be demonstrated. In the present report, using recombinant adenovirus encoding the wild-type or a dominant negative form of MITF, as well as stable cell lines expressing tetracycline inducible wild-type MITF, we reassessed the role of MITF in melanocyte differentiation and in the regulation of melanin synthesis. Immunofluorescence studies, as well as Western blot analyses, show that infection of B16 mouse melanoma cells or human melanocytes with adenovirus encoding wild-type MITF does not increase the expression of the endogenous melanogenic enzymes. However, infection with the MITF dominant negative mutant inhibits the expression of endogenous tyrosinase and Tyrp1 proteins and blocks cAMP-induced melanin synthesis. Thus, MITF is required but does not seem to be sufficient to induce the expression of melanogenic enzymes and we show for the first time a direct involvement of MITF in the regulation of melanin pigment synthesis. As a whole, our data point to the existence of still unknown regulatory mechanisms that co-operate or synergize with MITF to control melanogenic gene expression and melanin synthesis. The identification of such mechanisms will greatly improve our understanding of the melanocyte differentiation processes.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12859621&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
Pigment Cell Res. 2003 Aug;16(4):397-406.
Mechanistic studies of catechol generation from secondary quinone amines relevant to indole formation and tyrosinase activation.
Land EJ, Ramsden CA, Riley PA, Yoganathan G.
School of Chemistry & Physics, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK.
The biological significance of the spontaneous cyclization and redox reactions of ortho-quinone amines is that these appear to be the mechanism of formation of the indolic components of melanin and are also involved in the autoactivation of tyrosinase. We have previously shown that activation of tyrosinase is prevented by the formation of a cyclic betaine from a tertiary amine analogue. Evidence is presented to show that cyclization of ortho-quinones by Michael addition also occurs in the oxidation of secondary catecholamines. Three varieties of cyclic product have been detected and their formation is influenced by the nature of the N-substituent. Five-membered betaine rings form directly and, although six- and seven-membered rings also form, a transient spiro isomer of the ortho-quinone was in some cases detected as an intermediate. The heterocyclic products formed as betaines undergo redox exchange with residual quinone to form the corresponding aminochromes. We have established the kinetic constants of these reactions, either directly by pulse radiolysis measurements or by inference using a computer model of the reaction pathway to fit the observed data. To investigate the potential biological applications of this chemistry the system was also examined by tyrosinase-catalysed oxidation of the catecholamine substrates in which there is re-oxidation of the catechol formed by the redox exchange reaction and enables measurement of oxygen utilization stoichiometry. We show that the redox exchange reaction is unaffected by side-chain modification whereas cyclization is dependent on both electronic and steric factors. In the light of these studies we conclude that the failure of tertiary amine-derived betaines to undergo redox exchange, and thus block in vitro activation of tyrosinase, is due to the absence of a second exchangeable proton.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12859624&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
Concerned about losing hair? Hair loss and baldness is indeed a visible problem, and
could be more than just the matter of change in appearance.
Saw palmetto berry is a widely known herbal supplement for hair loss problems.
However, there are a number of great anecdotal herbs that people used for thousands of years stop hair loss and
start hair growth.
Numerous anecdotal cases have demonstrated that this herbal formula based on Chinese herbs actually improves the age-related hair thinning and hair loss
for a significant fraction of people who take it diligently. It is unknown how Hair Million herbs actually stop hair loss, and promote hair growth,
No scientific research or placebo controlled clinical trials have been conducted. Nonetheless, a number of people agree that it works.
DreamPharm Online Healthy Supplements ||
Lutein ||
Progesterone Cream ||
Natural herbal formula for hair loss problems ||