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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs || Tuberculosis research abs || Pneumonia research abs || Constipation research abs || Laxative research abs || hair research abs || hair related research references || testosterone related research references || melanin related research references

Curr Microbiol. 2003 Mar;46(3):228-32.
Isolation, characterization, and antifungal susceptibility of melanin-deficient mutants of Scedosporium prolificans.

Ruiz-Diez B, Martinez-Suarez JV.

Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Unidad de Micologia, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain. beatriz.ruicma.csic.es

Scedosporium prolificans mutants lacking the ability to synthesize melanin were selected after ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation. UV exposure of S. prolificans conidia resulted in a high frequency of melanin-deficient (mel-) mutants. Stable and non-stable morphological variants were found in the population: reversion of the mutant phenotype was always to the wild-type phenotype. Based on their morphological differences, these variants were classified into five different groups that were phenotypically characterized. The mel- mutants plus the wild-type strain were examined for in vitro susceptibility to antifungal agents with different and/or the same mechanism of action. There was no apparent difference in minimum inhibitory concentrations when comparing the wild-type and the mel- mutants. Therefore, melanin does not appear to confer protection against the more important antifungal agents in S. prolificans.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12567248&dopt=Abstract

Am J Dermatopathol. 1999 Feb;21(1):28-30.
Melanosis in association with metastatic malignant melanoma: report of a case and a unifying concept of pathogenesis.

Murray C, D'Intino Y, MacCormick R, Nassar B, Walsh N.

Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

An unusual case of melanosis associated with metastatic malignant melanoma is reported. This was characterized by progressive blue/gray discoloration of the skin of the chest and abdomen in an elderly patient, 1 year after removal of a polypoid malignant melanoma from the right arm. A biopsy of involved skin revealed perivascular aggregates of melanin-laden histiocytes throughout the dermis, the histopathologic hallmark of melanosis. An unusual aspect of the case was the coincidental finding of a tumor embolus within a small dermal vessel, probably a lymphatic. To date, neoplastic melanocytes have been detected in only a small minority of skin biopsies with features of melanosis. This case and a distillation of related information in the literature lead to the conclusion that the essence of melanosis, and the feature that distinguishes this from conventional metastatic melanoma, is the persistent and cumulative dissemination of melanin, via the bloodstream, throughout the body. This in turn leads to progressive pigmentation of all internal organs and the skin. Only continuous access to the circulation by neoplastic melanocytes could explain such a phenomenon. Potential mechanisms by which this could arise are discussed in the context of existing knowledge.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10027522&dopt=Abstract

Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Aug 22;308(2):293-9.
Toxicity of melanin-free ink of Sepia officinalis to transformed cell lines: identification of the active factor as tyrosinase.

Russo GL, De Nisco E, Fiore G, Di Donato P, d'Ischia M, Palumbo A.

Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy.

The melanin-free ink of the cephalopod Sepia officinalis is shown to contain a heat labile proteinaceous component toxic to a variety of cell lines, including PC12 cells. Gel filtration chromatography indicated that the toxic component was concentrated in those fractions eluted at a molecular weight higher than 100 kDa and exhibiting the highest tyrosinase activity. SDS-PAGE analysis of the active fractions displayed a single major band migrating at an approximate molecular weight of 100 kDa, identical with that of the single tyrosinase band in the melanin-free ink. These data unambiguously demonstrated the identity of the toxic component with tyrosinase. Treatment of purified Sepia as well as of mushroom tyrosinase with an immobilized version of proteinase K resulted in a parallel loss of tyrosinase activity and cytotoxicity. Sepia apotyrosinase was ineffective in inducing cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. Purified Sepia tyrosinase was found to induce a significant increase in caspase 3 activity in PC12 cells, leading eventually to an irreversible apoptotic process. Overall, these results disclose a hitherto unrecognized property of tyrosinase that may lead to a reappraisal of its biological significance beyond that of a mere pigment producing enzyme.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12901867&dopt=Abstract

Like developmental biology of any part of our body, hair growth is a complicated process. Hence the homework for modern science to yet unravel the process and mechanism to a completion. There exist a number of traditional and alternative therapeutic methods that include drugs, surgery, suppelements, and even snake oils that have been developed and used for those who lose hair. No understanding, and there is no solution. Of course, none of these approaches are perfect for all hair loss problems, especially due to the heterogeneity of the causes underlying hair losses. Most of chemical drugs and hair transplantation surgeries are accompanied by undesirable side effects.

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