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Pathogen research abs 1 || Pathogen research abs 2 || Pathogen research abs 3 || Pathogen research abs 4 || Pathogen research abs 5 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 1 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 2 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 3 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 4 || Hormone and endocrine research abs 5 || Follicle and follicular cells research abs 1 || Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs

Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Nov 15;28(22):E96.
A simple and reliable 5'-RACE approach.

Schramm G, Bruchhaus I, Roeder T.

Universitat Hamburg Zoologisches Institut, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.

A novel approach for the amplification of cDNA ends is described. It requires only minimal amounts of material, a simple cDNA synthesis reaction and a single PCR reaction to amplify the desired 5'- or 3'-ends of a certain cDNA of interest. It combines the so called CapFinder approach with solid phase cDNA synthesis, thus almost eliminating background problems usually associated with 5'-RACE protocols. This approach could be used to generate complete 5'-ends of numerous cDNAs using only one cDNA synthesis reaction. In combination with LA PCR, several kilobases of unknown 5'-ends could be amplified. It is easy to perform, quick, inexpensive and reliable, which should enable it to replace most currently used 5'-RACE protocols.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11071950&dopt=Abstract

Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Nov 15;28(22):E97.
A rapid method for efficient gene replacement in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans.

Chaveroche MK, Ghigo JM, d'Enfert C.

Unite de Physiologie Cellulaire and Unite des Membranes Bacteriennes, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.

The construction of mutant fungal strains is often limited by the poor efficiency of homologous recombination in these organisms. Higher recombination efficiencies can be obtained by increasing the length of homologous DNA flanking the transformation marker, although this is a tedious process when standard molecular biology techniques are used for the construction of gene replacement cassettes. Here, we present a two-step technology which takes advantage of an Escherichia coli strain expressing the phage lambda Red(gam, bet, exo) functions and involves (i) the construction in this strain of a recombinant cosmid by in vivo recombination between a cosmid carrying a genomic region of interest and a PCR-generated transformation marker flanked by 50 bp regions of homology with the target DNA and (ii) genetic exchange in the fungus itself between the chromosomal locus and the circular or linearized recombinant cosmid. This strategy enables the rapid establishment of mutant strains carrying gene knock-outs with efficiencies >50%. It should also be appropriate for the construction of fungal strains with gene fusions or promoter replacements.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11071951&dopt=Abstract

Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Nov 15;28(22):E98.
End-specific covalent photo-dependent immobilisation of synthetic DNA to paramagnetic beads.

Penchovsky R, Birch-Hirschfeld E, McCaskill JS.

Biomolecular Information Processing (BioMIP), GMD-National Research Centre for Information Technology, Schloss Birlinghoven, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany. robert.penchovskmd.de

A novel approach for light-dependent covalent immobilisation of synthetic DNA oligomers to amino-coated paramagnetic beads is described. A hetero-bifunctional photo-reactive cross-linking chemical, 4-nitrophenyl 3-diazopyruvate, is applied to attach 5' amino-modified DNA to both silica and polystyrene paramagnetic beads. The coupling yields are comparable with similar methods in which no photo-reactive chemicals are used. The immobilised DNA on the polystyrene and silica beads was used efficiently in hybridisation experiments. An extension of this approach to light-directed immobilisation of specific DNA to beads, located at different positions in micro-flow reactors, opens up a range of integrated applications to complex diagnostics, evolutionary biotechnology and novel areas such as DNA computing.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11071952&dopt=Abstract

Int J Cancer. 2000 Dec 1;88(5):692-7.
BCMSUN, a candidate gene for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle-cell lymphoma, has an independently expressed homolog on 1p22-p31, BCMSUN-like.

Mertens D, Wolf S, Bullinger L, Ohl S, Schaffner C, Dohner H, Stilgenbauer S, Lichter P.

Abteilung "Organisation komplexer Genome", Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany.

The most frequent chromosomal imbalance in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) is loss of material from 13q14.3. BCMSUN (previously Leu2, t4, cDNA 1B4) is one of 3 proposed candidate genes isolated from the minimally deleted region. We identified a homolog of BCMSUN, termed BCMSUNL (for BCMSUN-like). Radiation-hybrid mapping with a PCR-amplified fragment and fluorescence in situ hybridization with 2 PAC clones containing coding information for BCMSUNL revealed its localization at 1p22-p31. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization, however, revealed that the BCMSUNL gene locus is not part of the critical deletion region of 1p22 in MCLs. Analysis of DNA sequences derived from the respective PAC clones and available in public databases uncovered an intronless structure of BCMSUNL. Compared to BCMSUN, the new gene lacks exon 2 and shows 90.3% homology on the nucleic acid level. Both genes are expressed in peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy donors as well as B-CLL and MCL tumors, with retention of genetic material at 13q14.3. Therefore, analysis of the candidate tumor-suppressor gene BCMSUN at 13q14.3 must be based on assays that distinguish between the 2 homologous genes. 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11072235&dopt=Abstract

Int J Cancer. 2000 Dec 1;88(5):810-9.
Mechanism of action of aragusterol a (YTA0040), a potent anti-tumor marine steroid targeting the G(1) phase of the cell cycle.

Fukuoka K, Yamagishi T, Ichihara T, Nakaike S, Iguchi K, Yamada Y, Fukumoto H, Yoneda T, Samata K, Ikeya H, Nanaumi K, Hirayama N, Narita N, Saijo N, Nishio K.

Pharmacology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.

Aragusterol A (YTA0040), isolated from the Okinawan marine sponge of the genus Xestospongia, is a potent anti-tumor marine steroid that possesses a unique structural component. This compound showed broad-spectrum anti-proliferative activity against a panel of 14 human cancer cell lines (IC(50) = 0.01-1.6 microM). P-glycoprotein-mediated, multidrug-resistant cells showed cross-resistance to YTA0040 cells, whereas cisplatin-resistant non-small-cell lung-cancer (NSCLC) sublines showed a collateral sensitivity to YTA0040. In transplantable murine tumor models, YTA0040 displayed a broad spectrum and high degree of anti-tumor activity when administered i.p. or p.o. (life span T/C = 135-234%). In P388 murine leukemia cells, YTA0040 caused dose- and time-dependent suppression of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, with protein synthesis being more potently and rapidly inhibited than nucleic acid synthesis. Flow-cytometric analysis revealed that YTA0040 blocked the entry of human NSCLC-derived A549 cells into S phase, leading to arrest in the G(1) phase of the cell cycle. Western blot analysis demonstrated that YTA0040 caused a dose-dependent decrease in the levels of expression of hyperphosphorylated pRb and cyclin A in A549 cells. The level of p53 protein expression was decreased by YTA0040 treatment. A higher concentration of YTA0040 down-regulated the levels of expression of CDK2, CDK4, cyclin D1 and cyclin E. These findings indicated that YTA0040 arrested human NSCLC cells in late G(1) phase of the cell cycle through inhibition of pRb phosphorylation. Inhibition of pRb phosphorylation by YTA0040 resulted from down-regulation of levels of expression of the CDKs and cyclins involved in the G(1)/S transition and not from induction of p53 and/or the CDK inhibitor p21. 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11072253&dopt=Abstract

Hair loss is a problem in modern soceity. Examining the factors of hair growth may shed light on how hair loss might occur. How long can hair grow before it stops growing eventually if it does? Given that the hair growth rate is quite uniform and constant, somewhere between 0.3-0.5 millimeters per day, it's believed that the length of anagen, the growth phase, differs among individuals, and this is the major determinant to the maximum hair length. For some individuals, anagen may last ten years. Of course the length of the anagen is governed by genes, and the genetic background of the individuals. Non-genetic factors such as nutritional condition, weather, seasonal changes (hair may grow a bit faster during winter), taking medications, health condition may of course influence the rate of hair growth as well as hair loss. The shape of the hair, straight or curly, is dependent on the shape of the follicle. A circular or round hair follicle would generate straight hair, while the follicle with oval or elliptical shapes (in its cross-section) would produce a curly hair.

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