DreamPharm Products:
Lutein-20||Herbs for headache, fever, and migraine ||
Milk thistle||Saw palmetto||
Triple B Super Vision||Garlic, Ginger, and Grapeseed Extract||
Ginseng and Ginkgo||Hair Million||
DHEA||Coenzyme Q10||
Sleep Aid herbal formula - natural sleep aid||Herbal Breath - herbs for bad breath problems.||
Weight loss herbal formula for menopause and pms||Ginkgo biloba||
Colon cleansing, Laxative||ViaVita, Lecithin for healthy liver
Fatty acids resources:
Fatty acids research abs 1 || Fatty acids research abs 2 || Fatty acids research abs 3 || Fatty acids research abs 4 || Fatty acids research abs 5
Plant Physiol. 1996 Apr;110(4):1257-1266.
A Complex Array of Proteins Related to the Multimeric Leucine Aminopeptidase of Tomato.
Gu YQ, Pautot V, Holzer FM, Walling LL.
Department of Botany and Plant Sciences (Y.-Q.G., F.M.H., L.L.W.) and Graduate Genetics Group (L.L.W.), University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0124.
Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) mRNAs are induced in response to mechanical wounding, pathogen infection, and insect infestation (V. Pautot, F.M. Holzer, B. Reisch, L.L. Walling [1993] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 9906-9910). Polyclonal antibodies to a glutathione S-transferase-LAP fusion protein and affinity-purified antibodies recognizing LAP antigenic determinants detected four classes of polypeptides in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) leaves. All four classes had multiple polypeptides in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis immunoblots. Although antigenically related to the wound-induced tomato LAP proteins, the 77- and 66-kD LAP-like proteins accumulated in both healthy and wounded leaves. Two classes of 55-kD polypeptides with distinctive isoelectric points were designated as plant LAPs; only the acidic LAP proteins accumulated to high levels after mechanical wounding or Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato infection of tomato leaves. The temporal accumulation of LAP mRNAs was correlated with the increase in acidic LAP protein subunits. A slow-migrating LAP activity was detected using a native gel assay after wounding. The molecular mass of the native wound-induced LAP enzyme was 353 kD. The 55-kD acidic LAP proteins were associated with induced LAP activity, whereas the neutral LAPs and the LAP-like proteins were not associated with this exopeptidase. A second, fast-migrating aminopeptidase was detected in both healthy and wounded tomato leaves. Cell fractionation experiments revealed that wound-induced LAP is a soluble enzyme.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12226257&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Plant Physiol. 1996 Jun;111(2):525-531.
Two Methyl Jasmonate-Insensitive Mutants Show Altered Expression of AtVsp in Response to Methyl Jasmonate and Wounding.
Berger S, Bell E, Mullet JE.
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128.
Jasmonates are plant signal molecules that are derived from lipids through the action of lipoxygenase. Jasmonates regulate gene expression during plant development and in response to water deficit, wounding, and pathogen elicitors. The signal transduction chain that mediates jasmonate action was investigated by isolating and studying two methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-insensitive mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. The recessive mutants, jin1 and jin4, are nonallelic and neither corresponds to coi1, a previously identified MeJA-insensitive mutant. Both mutants showed reduced sensitivity to MeJA-mediated root growth inhibition as well as reduced MeJA induction of AtVsp in leaves. Expression of AtVsp in flowers was not altered in the mutants. Furthermore, MeJA modulation of the jasmonate-responsive lipoxygenase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase genes was not altered in the mutants. jin4 plants exhibited increased sensitivity to abscisic acid in seed germination assays, whereas jin1 plants showed wild-type sensitivity. Neither mutant showed altered sensitivity to ethylene in hypocotyl growth inhibition assays. jin1 and jin4 identify genes that modulate the response of AtVsp to MeJA in leaves of A. thaliana.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12226307&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Plant Physiol. 1996 Jul;111(3):797-803.
Intracellular Levels of Free Linolenic and Linoleic Acids Increase in Tomato Leaves in Response to Wounding.
Conconi A, Miquel M, Browse JA, Ryan CA.
Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340.
An intracellular signaling pathway for activating plant defense genes against attacking herbivores and pathogens is mediated by a lipid-based signal transduction cascade. In this pathway, linolenic acid (18:3) is proposed to be liberated from cell membranes and is converted to cyclopentanones that are involved in transcriptional regulation of defense genes, analogously to prostaglandin synthesis and function in animals. Levels of 18:3 and linoleic acid in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) leaves increased within 1 h when the leaves were wounded with a hemostat across the main vein to simulate herbivore attacks. The increase correlated with the time course of accumulation of jasmonic acid, a cyclopentanone product of 18:3, that had previously been shown to increase in leaves in response both to wounding and to elicitors of plant defense genes. One hour after wounding, at least a 15-fold excess of 18:3 was found over that required to account for the levels of newly synthesized jasmonic acid. The free fatty acids in both control and wounded leaves accounted for less than 0.25% of the total fatty acids. However, the total lipid contents of the leaves remained relatively unchanged up to 8 h after wounding, indicating that extensive loss of lipids did not occur, although a gradual decrease in polar lipids was observed, mainly in monogalactosyl diacylglycerol of chloroplast lipids. The data support a role for lipid release as a key step in the signaling events that activate defense genes in tomato leaves in response to wounding by attacking herbivores.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12226331&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Plant Physiol. 1996 Sep;112(1):131-140.
Biphasic Temporal and Spatial Induction Patterns of Defense-Related mRNAs and Proteins in Fungus-Infected Parsley Leaves.
Reinold S, Hahlbrock K.
Max-Planck-Institut fur Zuchtungsforschung, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, D-50829 Koln, Germany.
Previous experiments using in situ RNA hybridization have shown that the mRNAs encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase, and pathogenesis-related protein 1 accumulated transiently around fungal infection sites in parsley (Petroselinum crispum) leaf buds. These studies have now been extended by (a) analyzing different stages of the infection process and (b) monitoring the timing of appearance and the spatial distribution of the proteins as well as the corresponding mRNAs. An early and short period of mRNA induction throughout a large portion of the infected leaf was followed by a longer period, during which the mRNA levels remained high in a more localized area around the site of fungal penetration with sharp borders toward the surrounding tissue. This biphasic pattern of mRNA accumulation was followed after some delay by the same pattern of protein accumulation.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12226380&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Plant Physiol. 1996 Sep;112(1):433-444.
Correlation of Rapid Cell Death with Metabolic Changes in Fungus-Infected, Cultured Parsley Cells.
Naton B, Hahlbrock K, Schmelzer E.
Max-Planck-Institut fur Zuchtungsforschung, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany (K.H., E.S.).
To study in detail the hypersensitive reaction, one of the major defense responses of plants against microbial infection, we used a model system of reduced complexity with cultured parsley (Petroselinum crispum) cells infected with the phytopathogenic fungus Phytophthora infestans. Experimental conditions were established to maintain maximal viability of the cultured cells during co-cultivation with fungal germlings, and a large proportion of the infected parsley cells responded to fungal infection with rapid cell death, thereby exhibiting major features of the hypersensitive reaction in whole-plant-pathogen interactions. Rapid cell death clearly correlated with termination of further growth and development of the fungal pathogen. Thus, the system fulfilled important prerequisites for investigating cell-death-related metabolic changes in individual infected cells. Using cytochemical methods, we monitored the increase of mitochondrial activity in single infected cells and the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species prior to the occurrence of rapid cell death. We obtained strong correlative evidence for the involvement of these intracellularly accumulating reactive oxygen species in membrane damage and in the resulting abrupt collapse of the cell.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12226400&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Beautiful, dense hair is a dream for many people.
Hair growth is a sophisticated biological process, which has not yet been understood.
A multitude of therapeutic measures, including drugs, surgery, and suppelements have been developed.
However, due to the diversity of the problems underlying hair loss, there is no single solution that
can address all hair loss cases. Another problem is that most of chemical drugs and hair transplantation
surgeries are not free from varying degrees of undesirable side effects on health.
Hair Million is an alternative solution to cope with hair loss problems.
Anecdotally, it shows prositive results and improvement especially for age-related hair thinning and hair loss
for a large group of people who take it as suggested. Although personal experiences and anecdotal evidences
indicate that it works, we still do not understand the mechanisms of action as to how Hair Million works to
help stop hair loss, and promote hair growth. There has been no clinical trials nor placebo controlled statistical
analysis on the efficacy of Hair Million on hair loss and hair growth. R & D costs dearly, and no one would
afford to research complex herbal ingredients, which are often not patentable at all because they are
made by mother nature.
DHEA is a natural hormone, and it is produced in our body by the adrenal glands.
DHEA has been suggested to provide numerous potential benefits. DHEA (or dehydroepiandrosterone) is converted into androgens (male hormones)
or estrogens (female hormones) in the cells.
DreamPharm Online Healthy Supplements ||
Lutein ||
Progesterone Cream ||
Natural herbal formula for hair loss problems ||