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Fatty acids resources:
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Genetika. 2003 Apr;39(4):519-24.
[Macromutations and evolution: fixation of Goldschmidt's macromutations as species and genus characters. Papillomatosis and appearance of macrovilli in the rodent stomach]
[Article in Russian]
Vorontsov NN.
Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia.
The cardiac portion of the stomach is lined with macrovilli in a few rodent genera. These are Mystromys (Cricetinae, Cricetidae), Myospalax (Myospalacinae, Cricetidae), Tachyoryctes (Tachyoryctinae, Cricetidae), and Cryptomys (Bathyergidae). The macrovilli favor the development of symbiotic flora and are called symbiovilli. Growth of the corneal epithelium of the cardiac portion of the stomach serves as a morphological basis of symbiovilli. Cases of a hereditary malignant neoplasm giving rise to the formation of multiple macrovilli in the cardiac portion of the stomach have been found in Microtus abbreviatus (Microtinae, Cricetidae), a vole endemic to St. Matthew Island in the Bering Sea. The macrovilli resulting from the papillomatosis mutation are morphologically and histologically identical to the macrovilli of the stomach of the four aforementioned genera. The voles affected with papillomatosis still survive long enough to reproduce. Therefore, the macromutation that leads to death in adult and old voles has been fixed as a species character in some rodent genera. At the early stages of papillomatosis, the pathogenic morphogenesis creates favorable conditions for the development of symbiotic microflora, which gives a selective advantage to the affected animals. It is assumed that mutations with pathogenic effects have been fixed as a species character as a result of heterochrony. The pathogenic neoplasm serves as a preadaptation for the growth of symbiotic flora in the stomach. The mechanisms of the fixation of Goldschmidt's "systemic mutations" during phylogeny are discussed.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12760252&dopt=Abstract
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2002;38(4):393-9.
Advanced glycosylation end product quantification: differently produced polyclonal antisera do not share the recognition of epitopes of different nature.
Buongiorno AM, Sagratella E, Morelli S, Di Virgilio A, Sensi M.
Laboratorio di Biochimica Clinica, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma. angela.buongiornss.it
Advanced glycosylation end products (AGE) which are probably involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, comprise a series of related chemical structures. Thus different antisera might recognize particular AGE epitopes rather than the complete range of epitopes. To test this hypothesis, two antisera were raised using different immunization techniques and different AGE-carrier proteins as immunogens. The antisera reactivity towards different AGE-proteins under various experimental conditions was compared. Both antisera recognized all AGE-proteins, although with different binding curves. Following pre-incubation with carboxymethyllysine-BSA (CML-BSA) (an oxidation-derived AGE) one antiserum partially retained its reactivity, suggesting recognition of non-oxidation-derived AGE. This result was confirmed both in the cross-reactivity and the preincubation experiments and when the reactivity of the antisera was tested against antigens incubated under oxidative and non-oxidative conditions. These results confirmed the hypothesis that differently produced antisera may not share the recognition of epitopes of different nature and suggest the necessity to adopt a standardized methodology for the production of antisera for an accurate and reproductible determination of the in vivo AGE concentration.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12760336&dopt=Abstract
J Virol. 1999 May;73(5):4518-23.
Gastrointestinal epithelium is an early extrathymic site for increased prevalence of CD34(+) progenitor cells in contrast to the thymus during primary simian immunodeficiency virus infection.
Mattapallil JJ, Smit-McBride Z, Dandekar S.
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of primary simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection on the prevalence and phenotype of progenitor cells present in the gastrointestinal epithelia of SIV-infected rhesus macaques, a primate model for human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis. The gastrointestinal epithelium was residence to progenitor cells expressing CD34 antigen, a subset of which also coexpressed Thy-1 and c-kit receptors, suggesting that the CD34(+) population in the intestine comprised a subpopulation of primitive precursors. Following experimental SIVmac251 infection, an early increase in the proportions of CD34(+) Thy-1(+) and CD34(+) c-kit+ progenitor cells was observed in the gastrointestinal epithelium. In contrast, the proportion of CD34(+) cells in the thymus declined during primary SIV infection, which was characterized by a decrease in the frequency of CD34(+) Thy-1(+) progenitor cells. A severe depletion in the frequency of CD4-committed CD34(+) progenitors was observed in the gastrointestinal epithelium 2 weeks after SIV infection which persisted even 4 weeks after infection. A coincident increase in the frequency of CD8- committed CD34(+) progenitor cells was observed during primary SIV infection. These results indicate that in contrast to the primary lymphoid organs such as the thymus, the gastrointestinal epithelium may be an early extrathymic site for the increased prevalence of both primitive and committed CD34(+) progenitor cells. The gastrointestinal epithelium may potentially play an important role in maintaining T-cell homeostasis in the intestinal mucosa during primary SIV infection.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10196359&dopt=Abstract
Can J Vet Res. 2003 May;67(2):146-50.
Naturally-farrowed, artificially-reared pigs as an alternative model for experimental infection by Haemophilus parasuis.
Oliveira S, Galina L, Blanco I, Canals A, Pijoan C.
Department of Clinical and Population Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Ave, Animal Science Veterinary Medicine Building, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
The use of naturally-farrowed, artificially-reared piglets as an alternative model to study Haemophilus parasuis infections was evaluated. Two trials were performed in order to evaluate the proposed model. In trial 1, animals were vaccinated and challenged with H. parasuis. Results showed that the proposed model was effectively used to evaluate protective immunity against this organism. In trial 2, animals were challenged with different doses of H. parasuis. Results showed that the severity of clinical signs and lesions tended to increase with higher doses. The reproduction of clinical signs and lesions characteristic of H. parasuis systemic infection was successful in both trials, proving that this model is a viable alternative to specific-pathogen free and cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12760482&dopt=Abstract
J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2003 Mar;56(3):226-31.
Nocathiacins, new thiazolyl peptide antibiotics from Nocardia sp. I. Taxonomy, fermentation and biological activities.
Li W, Leet JE, Ax HA, Gustavson DR, Brown DM, Turner L, Brown K, Clark J, Yang H, Fung-Tomc J, Lam KS.
Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, USA. wenying.lms.com
Thiazolyl peptide antibiotics, nocathiacin I, II and III, were identified in a culture of Nocardia sp. WW-12651 (ATCC 202099). They exhibit potent in vitro activity (ng/ml) against a wide spectrum of gram-positive bacteria, including multiple-drug resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multi-drug resistant Enterococcus faecium (MREF) and fully penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP), and demonstrate excellent in vivo efficacy in a systemic Staphylococcus aureus infection mice model.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12760678&dopt=Abstract
The most ostensive feature that distinguishes us human from chimps and other primates is the lack of bodily hair. During evolutionary process, we have lost the majority of hair. Hair is no longer an essential part of our body, just like appendix. What little hair we still have on our scalp and a few other bodily parts is still regarded as significant for reasons other than biological necessity. Hair loss is naturally accompanied by aging process, although the extent of hair loss and the timing of onset vary widely among individuals. Thus, loss of hair and baldness is considered as a symbol of maturity or old age. Like winkles and other signs of aging, hair loss is not welcome by most people, because we don't welcome aging, and being perceived as an aging person. However, it is alopecia, or premature hair loss that especially concerns certain people.
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