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Dig Surg. 2000;17(4):354-7.
Splenic abscess. An old disease with new interest.

Smyrniotis V, Kehagias D, Voros D, Fotopoulos A, Lambrou A, Kostopanagiotou G, Kostopanagiotou E, Papadimitriou J.

Second Department of Surgery, University of Athens, Areteion Hospital, Athens, Greece.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To study the demographics, signs and symptoms, causes, risk factors, imaging findings, bacteriologic profile, treatment and outcome of patients with splenic abscess. METHOD: The medical records of 17 patients with splenic abscess at two tertiary-care hospitals between 1989 and 1997 were retrospectively reviewed. The demographic data, physical and radiological findings, treatment, bacteriology reports and outcome of treatment were reviewed. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 43 years (range 7-79 years). Fever and abdominal pain were the most prominent signs. Seven patients were immunocompromised, three had abscessed hydatic cysts, two were drug users and three suffered from splenic trauma, infarction, and endocarditis, respectively. No predisposing factor was identified in 2 patients. In all cases, CT demonstrated the splenic lesion(s). Staphylococcus species and Bacteriodes were the most common microbes, identified in the blood and abscess cultures. Thirteen patients underwent splenectomy, two medical therapy and two no therapy with respective survival rates of 92, 100 and 0%. CONCLUSION: Splenic abscess is a rare surgical entity encountered mostly in immunocompromised patients. CT scan is the gold standard for the definite diagnosis. Splenectomy is the treatment of choice, while medical therapy should be reserved for unusual pathogens provided that an effective antimicrobial agent is available. 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11053942&dopt=Abstract

Vaccine. 2003 May 16;21(17-18):2131-41.
Protection of interferon-gamma knockout mice against Listeria monocytogenes challenge following intramuscular immunization with DNA vaccines encoding listeriolysin O.

Barry RA, Archie Bouwer HG, Clark TR, Cornell KA, Hinrichs DJ.

Immunology Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, P.O. Box 1034, 97207, Portland, OR, USA

In this study we evaluated the efficacy of DNA vaccination of IFN-gamma knockout (GKO) mice against Listeria monocytogenes, as these immunodeficient mice are highly susceptible to infection with low numbers of this intracellular bacterial pathogen. Following intramuscular immunization of BALB/c GKO mice with plasmid DNA constructs encoding recombinant forms of the L. monocytogenes hemolysin, listeriolysin O (LLO), we detected the in vivo induction of a LLO(91-99) peptide-specific, protective immune CTL response equivalent to that observed following similar DNA vaccination of normal BALB/c mice. The observed protection represented greatly enhanced immunity for the GKO host, suggesting that DNA vaccination may provide a useful vaccine alternative for certain immunocompromised host populations.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12706703&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]

Exp Nephrol. 2001;9(1):54-9.
Low leptin mRNA level in adipose tissue and normoleptinemia in experimental chronic renal failure.

Swierczynski J, Korczynska J, Szolkiewicz M, Karbowska J, Kochan Z, Nieweglowski T, Kusiak E, Rutkowski B.

Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.

BACKGROUND: Anorexia and weight loss frequently accompany chronic renal failure (CRF). Although multiple metabolic changes occur during CRF, a bulk of evidence indicates that the decrease in caloric intake plays a major role in CRF-induced weight loss. Recently, it has been suggested that elevated plasma leptin concentrations could contribute to anorexia and to downregulation of leptin gene expression in CRF patients. However, in some CRF patients, plasma leptin concentrations have been found to be lower than one could expect. Thus we assumed that inhibition of leptin synthesis plays an important role in the regulation of plasma leptin concentrations in CRF patients. METHODS: To test this assumption, the leptin mRNA level in rat white adipose tissue from ad-libitum-fed control (sham operated), pair-fed control (sham operated) and rats with experimentally induced CRF has been measured by Northern blotting analysis. In addition, serum leptin concentration (by radioimmunoassay) was determined in all three groups of animals. RESULTS: The results of the present study indicate that in experimental CRF the leptin mRNA level is decreased by about 50% as compared to the sham-operated animals (ad-libitum-fed and pair-fed controls). The mean serum leptin concentration in CRF rats was essentially similar to the leptin concentration in sham-operated ones. CONCLUSION: The data obtained suggest that in CRF animals the serum leptin concentration might be affected not only by the decrease in leptin removal in the kidney, but also by the decrease in leptin secretion from adipose tissue. Furthermore, the results of the study suggest that leptin may be only one of many factors involved in the pathogenesis of malnutrition associated with CRF. 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11053981&dopt=Abstract

Eur J Biochem. 2000 Nov;267(22):6692-8.
Examining the zinc binding site of the amyloid-beta peptide.

Yang DS, McLaurin J, Qin K, Westaway D, Fraser PE.

Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ds.yantoronto.ca

The amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) is a principal component of insoluble amyloid plaques which are characteristic neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease. Abeta also exists as a normal soluble protein that undergoes a pathogenic transition to an aggregated, fibrous form. This transition can be affected by extraneous proteinaceous and nonproteinaceous elements, such as zinc ions, which may promote aggregation and/or stabilization of the fibrils. Protein chelation of zinc is typically mediated by histidines, cysteines and carboxylates. Previous studies have demonstrated that the Abeta-Zn2+ binding site is localized within residues 6-28 and that histidines may serve as the principal sites of interaction. To localize key residues within this region, a series of Abeta peptides (residues 1-28) were synthesized that contained systematic His/Ala substitutions. Circular dichroism and electron microscopy were used to monitor the effects of Zn2+ on the peptide beta-sheet conformation and fibril aggregation. Our results indicate that substitution of either His13 or His14 but not His6 eliminates the zinc-mediated effects. These observations indicate a specific zinc binding site within Abeta that involves these central histidine residues.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11054124&dopt=Abstract

Eur J Neurol. 2000 Sep;7(5):491-4.
The level of serum lipids, vitamin E and low density lipoprotein oxidation in Wilson's disease patients.

Rodo M, Czonkowska A, Pulawska M, Swiderska M, Tarnacka B, Wehr H.

Department of Genetics, 2nd Department of Neurology and Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, ul. Sobieskiego 1/9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland. Rodpin.edu.pl

The aim of this study was to estimate the level of lipids and of the main serum antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), and to evaluate the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation in Wilson's disease patients. It was assumed that enhanced LDL peroxidation caused by high copper levels could contribute to the injury of liver and other tissues. The group investigated comprised 45 individuals with Wilson's disease treated with penicillamine or zinc salts and a control group of 36 healthy individuals. Lipids were determined by enzymatic methods, alpha-tocopherol by high performance liquid chromatography, the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in vitro by absorption changes at 234 nm during 5 h and end-products of LDL lipid oxidation as thiobarbituric acid reacting substances. In Wilson's disease patients total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and alpha-tocopherol levels were significantly lower compared with the control group. No difference in LDL oxidation in vitro between the patients and the controls was stated. CONCLUSION: enhanced susceptibility of isolated LDL for lipid peroxidation in vitro was not observed in Wilson's disease patients. One cannot exclude, however, that because of low alpha-tocopherol level lipid peroxidation in the tissues can play a role in the pathogenesis of tissue injury in this disease.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11054132&dopt=Abstract

Natural Herbal Supplement: Hair Million

Hair Loss, or alopecia is a concern for increasing number of folks in aging society. Loss of hair is a visible problem, and affects the appearance and changes identity of a person.
The phenomenon of hair thinning and hair loss is most commonly associated with natural aging, although there are many other causes of hair loss, which include inherited or genetic conditions, illnesses, malnutrition, stress, hormonal problems, chemotherapy, and use of some drugs.
Hair growth is a sophisticated biological process, which has not yet been completely understood. A multitude of therapeutic measures, including drugs, surgery, and suppelements have been made available, and used. However, due to the heterogeneity in the underlying cause, there is no perfect cure for all hair loss cases. Most of chemical drugs and hair transplantation surgeries are not free from varying degrees of undesirable side effects on health.

Hair Million is an alternative solution to hair loss problems. Anecdotally, it shows prositive results and improvement for age-related hair thinning and hair loss for a fraction of people who take it. We do not know the mechanisms of action as to how Hair Million works to help stop hair loss, and promote hair growth. We only know by anecdotal observations. There has been no clinical trials nor placebo controlled statistical analysis on the efficacy of Hair Million on hair loss and hair growth. However, there are two merits in this hair restoration herbal formula:
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