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Eur Spine J. 2000 Oct;9(5):434-6.
Haemangioblastoma of a cervical sensory nerve root in Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.

McEvoy AW, Benjamin E, Powell MP.

The University Deparment of Neurosurgery, University College London, The Institute of Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UK. a.mcevoon.ucl.ac.uk

Spinal haemangioblastomas are rare, accounting for only about 7% of all central nervous system cases. The case of a 40-year-old woman with a haemangioblastoma arising solely from a cervical sensory nerve root is presented. At operation via a cervical laminectomy, it was possible to resect the tumour en masse with the sensory ramus, by extending the laminectomy through the exit foramen for C6. Haemangioblastomas are commonly intramedullary, and have only been reported in this location on one previous occasion. The patient has Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome and a history of multiple solid tumours. The possible role of the Von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor gene in the pathogenesis of these neoplasms is discussed.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11057539&dopt=Abstract

Pediatr Surg Int. 2000;16(7):485-7.
Apoptosis in murine duodenum during embryonic development.

Cheng W, Tam PK.

Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong Medical Centre, Queen Mary Hospital, China.

Duodenum is thought to go through a solid-core stage followed by recanalization during its development. This study investigates the role of apoptosis in normal duodenal development, especially during widening of the lumen, and hence, the possible role of apoptosis in duodenal atresia (DA). Twenty-four time-mated Sprague-Dawley rats were killed from day 13 to day 20 of gestation. Duodenums of 3 fetuses were chosen randomly from each rat and processed. Apoptosis was determined by the terminal deoxytransferase-mediated biotin dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) technique (ApopTag). Apoptosis count and cross-sectional areas were measured with an image analyzer (MetaMorph). The number of apoptotic cells per unit area duodenum peaked on day 15 for the mucosal/submucosal layer and on day 14 for the muscular/mesenchymal layer. The maximal number of apoptotic cells per cross-section of duodenum was between 7 and 8. The cross-sectional areas of the duodenal wall and lumen increased exponentially between day 17 and day 19 while duodenal-wall thickness remained relatively constant throughout duodenal development. The localization, timing, and intensity of apoptosis do not suggest that apoptosis is responsible for the widening of the duodenal lumen; enlargement of the lumen is related to the increase in duodenal circumference. Apoptosis thus may not be involved in the pathogenesis of DA.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11057547&dopt=Abstract

World J Gastroenterol. 2003 Feb;9(2):295-9.
Targeted ribonuclease can inhibit replication of hepatitis B virus.

Liu J, Li YH, Xue CF, Ding J, Gong WD, Zhao Y, Huang YX.

Department of Pathogenic Organism, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710033, Shaanxi Province, China. etiologmmu.edu.cn

AIM: To study the effect of a novel targeted ribonuclease (TN), the fusion protein of HBVc and human eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (hEDN), on the HBV replication in vitro. METHODS: The gene encoding the targeted ribonuclease was cloned into pcDNA3.1 (-) to form recombinant eukaryotic expression vector p/TN. Control plasmids, including p/hEDN, p/HBVc, and p/TNmut in which a Lys113-Arg mutation was introduced by sequential PCR to eliminate the ribonuclease activity of hEDN, were also constructed. Liposome-mediated transfection of 2.2.15 cells by p/TN, p/TNmut, p/hEDN, p/HBVc, and pcDNA3.1 (-), or mock transfection was performed. After that, RT-PCR was used to verify the transgene expression. Morphology of the transfected cells was observed and MTT assay was performed to detect the cytotoxicity of transgene expression. Concentration of HBsAg in the supernatant of the transfected cells was measured using solid-phase radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Transgenes were successfully expressed in 2.2.15 cells. No obvious cytotoxic effect of transgene expression on 2.2.15 cells was found. The HBsAg concentration in the p/TN transfected cells was reduced by 58 % compared with that of mock transfected cells. No such an effect was found in all other controls. CONCLUSION: The targeted ribonuclease can inhibit HBV replication in vitro while it has no cytotoxicity on host cells. The targeted ribonuclease may be used as a novel antiviral agent for human HBV infection.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12532452&dopt=Abstract

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2003 May;28(5):555-62.
Alveolar wall apoptosis causes lung destruction and emphysematous changes.

Aoshiba K, Yokohori N, Nagai A.

First Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan. kaoshibhi.twmu.ac.jp

Pulmonary emphysema is characterized by alveolar wall destruction and airspace enlargement. Recent evidence indicates that epithelial or endothelial apoptosis may be involved in the pathogenesis of emphysema. Here, we describe the induction of emphysematous changes, including airspace enlargement, alveolar wall destruction, and enhanced lung distensibility, in mice receiving a single intratracheal injection of active caspase-3 and Chariot, a newly developed protein transfection reagent. Epithelial apoptosis and enhanced elastolytic activity (optimal at pH 5.5) in bronchoalveolar lavage were noted. Emphysematous changes were also generated in mice receiving an intratracheal injection of nodularin, a proapoptotic serine/threonine kinase inhibitor. This murine model provides direct evidence that confirms that alveolar wall apoptosis causes emphysematous changes. Furthermore, this simple technique for protein transfection of lung tissue can be used in a variety of future applications.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12707011&dopt=Abstract

Nature. 2000 Oct 19;407(6806):916-20.
Development of Th1-type immune responses requires the type I cytokine receptor TCCR.

Chen Q, Ghilardi N, Wang H, Baker T, Xie MH, Gurney A, Grewal IS, de Sauvage FJ.

Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.

On antigen challenge, T-helper cells differentiate into two functionally distinct subsets, Th1 and Th2, characterized by the different effector cytokines that they secrete. Th1 cells produce interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and lymphotoxin-beta, which mediate pro-inflammatory functions critical for the development of cell-mediated immune responses, whereas Th2 cells secrete cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 that enhance humoral immunity. This process of T-helper cell differentiation is tightly regulated by cytokines. Here we report a new member of the type I cytokine receptor family, designated T-cell cytokine receptor (TCCR). When challenged in vivo with protein antigen, TCCR-deficient mice had impaired Th1 response as measured by IFN-gamma production. TCCR-deficient mice also had increased susceptibility to infection with an intracellular pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes. In addition, levels of antigen-specific immunoglobulin-gamma2a, which are dependent on Th1 cells, were markedly reduced in these mice. Our results demonstrate the existence of a new cytokine receptor involved in regulating the adaptive immune response and critical to the generation of a Th1 response.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11057672&dopt=Abstract

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