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Triple B Super Vision||Garlic, Ginger, and Grapeseed Extract||
Ginseng and Ginkgo||Hair Million||
DHEA||Coenzyme Q10||
Sleep Aid herbal formula - natural sleep aid||Herbal Breath - herbs for bad breath problems.||
Weight loss herbal formula for menopause and pms||Ginkgo biloba||
Colon cleansing, Laxative||ViaVita, Lecithin for healthy liver
Interferon research abs 1 ||
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Biochemistry. 2000 Dec 12;39(49):14993-5001.
The structure of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase reveals homology to phosphoglycosyl transferases.
Campbell RE, Mosimann SC, Tanner ME, Strynadka NC.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3.
Bacterial UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase catalyzes the reversible epimerization at C-2 of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and thereby provides bacteria with UDP-N-acetylmannosamine (UDP-ManNAc), the activated donor of ManNAc residues. ManNAc is critical for several processes in bacteria, including formation of the antiphagocytic capsular polysaccharide of pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae types 19F and 19A. We have determined the X-ray structure (2.5 A) of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase with bound UDP and identified a previously unsuspected structural homology with the enzymes glycogen phosphorylase and T4 phage beta-glucosyltransferase. The relationship to these phosphoglycosyl transferases is very intriguing in terms of possible similarities in the catalytic mechanisms. Specifically, this observation is consistent with the proposal that the UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase-catalyzed elimination and re-addition of UDP to the glycal intermediate may proceed through a transition state with significant oxocarbenium ion-like character. The homodimeric epimerase is composed of two similar alpha/beta/alpha sandwich domains with the active site located in the deep cleft at the domain interface. Comparison of the multiple copies in the asymmetric unit has revealed that the epimerase can undergo a 10 degrees interdomain rotation that is implicated in the regulatory mechanism. A structure-based sequence alignment has identified several basic residues in the active site that may be involved in the proton transfer at C-2 or stabilization of the proposed oxocarbenium ion-like transition state. This insight into the structure of the bacterial epimerase is applicable to the homologous N-terminal domain of the bifunctional mammalian UDP-GlcNAc "hydrolyzing" 2-epimerase/ManNAc kinase that catalyzes the rate-determining step in the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway.
PMID:_11106477
Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2002 Jan-Feb;36(1):33-40.
Is diabetes a risk factor for patients undergoing open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair?
Rayan SS, Hamdan AD, Campbell DR, Akbari CM, Hook SC, Skillman J, LoGerfo FW, Pomposelli FB Jr.
Division of Vascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
A number of studies have compared results after aortic procedures in diabetics vs nondiabetics but few have focused specifically on abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. An analysis of prospective data was carried out in the Vascular Surgery Registry (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA) and identified 421 patients (422 grafts) who underwent elective open repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm between 1990 and 1999. The influence of diabetes mellitus on outcome was assessed by dividing the patients into two groups: 52 diabetic and 370 nondiabetic patients. Postoperative mortality was 1.7% overall (n = 7) and proportionally higher in the diabetic population, although this did not reach statistical significance (3.8% vs 1.4%, p = 0.19). However, cumulative survival at 1 year and 3 years was essentially identical for diabetic vs nondiabetic patients (91.0% vs 92.6% and 70.0% vs 73.5%, respectively) and did not diverge until 5 years after surgery (25.0% vs 50.9% respectively [p > 0.05]). Overall, major complications occurred in 11 diabetics (21.2%) vs 58 nondiabetics (15.7%, p = 0.32). Specific complications that were increased in the diabetic population included pancreatitis (5.8% vs 1.1%, p = 0.01) and pneumonia (11.5% vs 3.2%, p = 0.006). Notably, overall cardiac morbidity was not higher in patients with diabetes mellitus (1.9% vs 4.3%, p = 0.41). Our data suggest that after elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, patients with diabetes mellitus may have a higher rate of certain complications when compared to patients without diabetes mellitus. These differences however, do not preclude the expectation of excellent results of open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in patients with diabetes mellitus.
PMID:_12704523
Braz J Infect Dis. 1997 Mar;1(1):27-30.
Herpes Simplex Virus Shedding in Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients During Low-Dose Oral Acyclovir Prohylaxis.
Machado CM, Vilas Boas LS, Dulley FL, Canto CL, Freire WS, Macedo MC, Massumoto C, Ostronoff M, Pannuti CS.
Virology Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de SP, Brazil.
A 400mg dose twice-a-day oral acyclovir prophylaxis regimen was evaluated in 50 allogeneic transplant recipients. Twenty (40%) patients experienced 24 episodes of herpes simplex virus (HSV) shedding; l7 (70.8%) occurring during prophylaxis. Thirteen of such episodes were asymptomatic and, in three, it was difficult to differentiate severe mucositis from viral lesions. In the remaining one, HSV pneumonia was suspected after a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) procedure performed in an attempt to early detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV). All cases responded to acyclovir therapy or dose adjustment suggesting that acyclovir resistance did not account for the occurrence of infection in our patients. These data demonstrated that oral acyclovir prophylaxis, 400mg dose twice-a-day, was inadequate to suppress viral shedding. The bronchoalveolar lavage procedure in a patient with HSV shedding could precipitate HSV spread to the lungs and the occurrence of pneumonia.
PMID:_11107235 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Braz J Infect Dis. 1997 Mar;1(1):48-51.
Disseminated Strongyloides stercoralis Infection in an AIDS Patient: The Role of Suppressive Therapy.
Levi GC, Kallas EG, Ramos Moreira Leite K.
Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Patients with AIDS are prone to develop infections caused by opportunistic pathogens. Unusual agents, such as Strongyloides stercoralis, are being described in this syndrome, resulting in disseminated disease which is always severe and, in some cases, fatal. We describe a case of a patient with AIDS and Strongyloides stercoralis infection involving the gastrointestinal tract and the lungs. Therapy with thiabendazole for ten days led to resolution of the acute episode. Preventive therapy with 3g of thiabendazole once a week was then prescribed, and repeated fecal examinations were negative for larvae. Following discontinuation of treatment, however, the patient again had a positive fecal examination for Strongyloides stercoralis larvae, even though reinfection was considered to be very unlikely. The patient was retreated with a shorter course of therapy and once per week preventive therapy was reintroduced. After four months of follow-up, repeated fecal examinations were negative. When the treatment was changed to thiabendazole given once every two weeks, however, pulmonary Strongyloides stercoralis recurred. Subsequently, because of intolerance to thiabendazole, the patient was treated with cambendazole. The patient died three months later due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Prolonged therapy for Strongyloides stercoralis infection may be necessary. Although further evaluation is needed, 3g of thiabendazole once a week may be adequate for this purpose. Cambendazole may be a useful alternative for disseminated Strongyloides stercoralis.
PMID:_11107239 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Braz J Infect Dis. 1997 Apr;1(2):68-76.
A Role for Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) in the Treatment of Neutropenic Patients with Pneumonia.
Dierdorf R, Kreuter U, Jones TC.
Novartis Ltd, Basle, Switzerland.
Pneumonia is a serious, difficult to manage, and often fatal infection in neutropenic patients. The availability of hematopoietic growth factors has made it possible to evaluate the role of reversing the neutropenic state. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been used in an investigator-initiated, open-label clinical trial in approximately 1200 patients. Data collected on each patient was reviewed to identify all patients who had the combination of neutropenia and pneumonia. Sixty-eight patients (5% of the patients for whom GM-CSF was requested) met the criteria for having neutropenic pneumonia. In this patient population there were 45 males and 20 females (gender was not indicated in 3). Ages ranged from 3 to 83 years (mean 39 +/- 18 years). The underlying diseases included: 7 patients who were receiving chemotherapy for solid malignant tumors, 14 for lymphoma, and 22 for leukemia; 15 post bone marrow transplantation primarily for hematologic malignancy; 3 idiosyncratic drug-induced neutropenia; and 7 with other causes of neutropenia. The type of pneumonia was predominantly fungal in 21 patients, bacterial in 23, viral in 2, protozoal in 1, and uncertain in 21 (presumed to be bacterial in 19 and viral in 2). Patients received a mean of 5micro/kg GM-CSF (range 1.3-12.5microg/kg) daily for a mean of 13 +/- 10 (range 2-57) days. The mean leukocyte count at start of treatment was 600 +/- 500 cells/mm(3), and at the end of treatment was 5600+/-9200 cells/mm(3) (P=0.001). The time between start of GM-CSF and a leukocyte level in excess of 1500/mm(3) was a median of 13 days. Hematopoietic recovery was shown in 46/62 (74%), 40/64 (63%) showed good clinical and/ or radiologic improvement, and 41/68 (60%) survived. Four illustrative case reports are provided. By comparing the hematologic responders to non-responders, it is clear that persistent neutropenia contributed significantly to poor clinical outcome and mortality. Only 3/22 (13%) of non-responders survived, whereas 38/46 (83%) of responders survived. There were 7 adverse events (rash 1, fever/chills 2, malaise 1, myalgia/bone pain 2, increased myeloblasts 1) which were considered to be related to use of the cytokine. Aggravation of the pulmonary inflammation or sepsis syndrome was not observed. Tolerability was good or very good in 89% of patients. Based on this open-label study, the use of GM-CSF in combination with appropriate antibiotics is effective and safe for the management of patients with pneumonia and severe hematopoietic dysfunction.
PMID:_11107242 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Like developmental biology of any part of our body, hair growth is a complicated process. Hence the homework for
modern science to yet unravel the process and mechanism to a completion. There exist a number of traditional and alternative therapeutic methods that include drugs, surgery, suppelements, and even snake oils that have been developed and used for those who lose hair.
No understanding, and there is no solution. Of course, none of these approaches are perfect for all hair loss problems, especially due to the heterogeneity of the causes underlying hair losses. Most of chemical drugs and hair transplantation surgeries are accompanied by undesirable side effects.
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