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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs

ZfP-Weissenau.de

A satellite ward is a psychiatric ward at a general hospital settled within a catchment area that is administered by a distant psychiatric hospital. The objective of the satellite model is to close the gap between patients and their community on the one hand and between psychiatry and general medicine on the other. The essential size of the satellite ward that enables it to take care for the patients in its catchment area is discussed controversially. This study investigated admission rates and number of beds needed in two catchment areas distant to the psychiatric hospital from 6 months before opening until 12 months after the opening of a satellite ward with 21 beds in one of the two catchment areas. We registered an 81% increase of admission rates in this catchment area (from 130 admissions in the half-year before the opening of the satellite ward to 235 admissions in the 2nd half-year after it) and a 41% increase in beds needed (from 28.8 beds in the half-year before opening to 40.7 beds in the 2nd half-year following). This increase was significant in comparison to the increase in the controlled catchment area. Thus, only 168 (71%) patients of the catchment area (but 82% of the patients with schizophrenia) were treated in the satellite ward. The remaining patients were treated in the parent house. A selective admission of severely ill patients into the parent house was not observed.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12430052&dopt=Abstract

Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2002 Jun;11(2):70-9.
What happens when people disclose sexual or physical abuse to staff at a community mental health centre?

Agar K, Read J.

Psychology Department, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

The files of 200 users of a community mental health centre revealed that 46% of the files contained documentation of sexual or physical abuse as children or adults. Only 36% of summary formulations and 33% of treatment plans for the abused clients mentioned the abuse. Only 22% of the abused clients received abuse-focused therapy. Response rates were lower for clients who were male or had a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis, and if the clinician was male or a psychiatrist. None of the alleged crimes, past, recent or ongoing, was reported to legal authorities. Development of unit policies and training programmes to ensure appropriate response to abuse histories is recommended.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12430188&dopt=Abstract

Brain Res. 2003 Jan 24;961(1):109-20.
Influence of inhibitory and excitatory inputs on serotonin efflux differs in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei.

Tao R, Auerbach SB.

Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.

The dorsal (DRN) and median raphe nuclei (MRN) are two major sources of serotonergic projections to forebrain that are involved in regulation of behavioral state and motor activity, and implicated in affective disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. To investigate afferent influences on serotonergic neurons, this study compared the role of endogenous GABA and glutamate in the DRN and MRN using microdialysis and measurement of locomotor activity in freely behaving rats. Local infusion of the GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuculline increased serotonin (5-HT) efflux in the DRN but not the MRN. In contrast, infusion of glutamate receptor antagonists produced larger decreases in 5-HT efflux in the MRN compared with the DRN. Moreover, glutamate receptor antagonists attenuated the increase in 5-HT efflux produced by GABA receptor blockade in the DRN. Thus, the disinhibitory effect of GABA blockers could be ascribed in part to an enhanced influence of glutamate. Measurements of locomotor activity indicate that changes in 5-HT were not simply correlated with behavioral activity induced by drug infusion. In summary, the role of inhibitory and excitatory afferents was strikingly different in the DRN and MRN. GABA afferents were the predominant tonic influence on serotonergic neurons in the DRN. In contrast, glutamatergic but not GABAergic afferents had a strong tonic influence on serotonergic neurons in the MRN.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12535783&dopt=Abstract

Neuropsychopharmacology. 2002 Nov;27(5):691-8.
Noradrenaline reuptake inhibition enhances the antipsychotic-like effect of raclopride and potentiates D2-blockage-induced dopamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex of the rat.

Linner L, Wiker C, Wadenberg ML, Schalling M, Svensson TH.

Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

We have previously observed that addition of an alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist to a selective dopamine (DA) D(2) receptor antagonist enhances the antipsychotic-like effect of the D(2) blocker and also selectively increases DA output in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in rats. These data also correlate well with previous clinical trials showing augmentation by an equivalent drug combination in schizophrenia. Since the selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor reboxetine was found to cause similar effects on the mesolimbocortical DA system as alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonists, the present study was undertaken to explore whether also reboxetine might augment the effect of the DA D(2) receptor antagonist raclopride in the same preclinical model of antipsychotic activity, the conditioned avoidance response (CAR) test. We also investigated the effect of this combination in the catalepsy test for extrapyramidal side effect liability, as well as on DA output in the mPFC and the nucleus accumbens, respectively. Reboxetine (6 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly enhanced the suppressant effect of raclopride (0.1 mg/kg, s.c.) on CAR without affecting catalepsy. Administration of raclopride (0.1 mg/kg, s.c.) to rats pretreated with reboxetine (6 mg/kg, i.p.) resulted in a greatly enhanced effect on DA output in the mPFC but not in the nucleus accumbens when compared with raclopride alone. Consequently, these results suggest that noradrenaline reuptake inhibition may provide means of augmenting the efficacy of classical D(2)-antagonists in the treatment of schizophrenia, and, in principle, to generate an atypical antipsychotic drug profile.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12431844&dopt=Abstract

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