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Stem Cells. 2000;18(6):435-43.
Adhesion molecules involved in transendothelial migration of human hematopoietic progenitor cells.

Voermans C, Rood PM, Hordijk PL, Gerritsen WR, van der Schoot CE.

Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

In the process of homing, CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells migrate across the bone marrow endothelium in response to stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1. To develop more efficient stem cell transplantation procedures, it is important to define the adhesion molecules involved in the homing process. Here, we identified the adhesion molecules that control the migration of primary human CD34(+) cells across human bone marrow endothelial cells. Migration of CD34(+) cells is enhanced across interleukin 1beta prestimulated bone marrow endothelium, suggesting an important role for the endothelium in adhesion and formation of the chemotactic gradient. Under these conditions, 30-100 ng/ml SDF-1 induced a rapid and efficient migration of CD34(+) cells (+/- 46% migration in 4 h). In contrast, 600-1,000 ng/ml SDF-1 were required for optimal migration across fibronectin-coated filters. Subsequent studies revealed that transendothelial migration of CD34(+) cells is mediated by beta1- and beta2-integrins and PECAM-1 (CD31) but not by CD34 or E-selectin. Whereas these antibodies individually blocked migration for 25%-35%, migration was reduced by 68% when the antibodies were combined. Thus, these adhesion molecules play specific and independent roles in the transmigration process. Finally, O-glycosylated proteins appeared to play a role, since SDF-1-induced migration of CD34(+) cells (treated with a glycoprotease from Pasteurella haemolytica) across endothelial cells was clearly inhibited. In conclusion, we show that efficient SDF-1-induced migration of primary human CD34(+) cells across bone marrow endothelium is mediated by beta1-integrins, beta2-integrins, CD31 and O-glycosylated proteins.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11072032&dopt=Abstract

Stem Cells. 2000;18(6):444-52.
Signal through gp130 activated by soluble interleukin (IL)-6 receptor (R) and IL-6 or IL-6R/IL-6 fusion protein enhances ex vivo expansion of human peripheral blood-derived hematopoietic progenitors.

Kimura T, Wang J, Minamiguchi H, Fujiki H, Harada S, Okuda K, Kaneko H, Yokota S, Yasukawa K, Abe T, Sonoda Y.

Department of Hygiene, the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, and the Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of a combination of soluble interleukin (sIL)-6 receptor (R) and IL-6 on the ex vivo expansion of human peripheral blood (PB)-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells in a short-term serum-free liquid suspension culture system, using PB-derived CD34(+)IL-6R(+/-) cells as a target. In combination with stem cell factor (SCF), IL-3, and sIL-6R/IL-6, the expansion efficiency (EE) for granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming unit (CFU-GM) reached a peak level on day 10 of incubation. On the other hand, the EE for erythroid burst (BFU-E) and mixed colony-forming unit (CFU-Mix) reached a peak level on day 7 of incubation. Among the cytokine combinations tested, SCF + IL-3 + sIL-6R/IL-6 + flt3 ligand (FL) most effectively expanded CFU-GM and CFU-Mix. The maximum EEs for CFU-GM and CFU-Mix were 208-fold and 42-fold, respectively. While the EE for BFU-E was 70-90-fold in the presence of SCF + IL-3 + sIL-6R/IL-6, FL significantly augmented the EE for CFU-GM and CFU-Mix. In contrast, thrombopoietin (TPO) significantly augmented the EE for CFU-Mix. Interestingly, in combination with IL-3 and SCF, newly generated IL-6R/IL-6 fusion protein (FP) expanded PB-derived BFU-E and CFU-Mix twice more effectively than a combination of sIL-6R and IL-6. These results demonstrated that human PB-derived committed progenitors were effectively expanded in vitro using sIL-6R/IL-6 or FP, in combination with IL-3, SCF and/or FL or TPO, and that FP may transduce a stronger intracellular signal than a combination of sIL-6R and IL-6.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11072033&dopt=Abstract

Stem Cells. 2000;18(6):453-6.
A new method for bone marrow cell harvesting.

Kushida T, Inaba M, Ikebukuro K, Ngahama T, Oyaizu H, Lee S, Ito T, Ichioka N, Hisha H, Sugiura K, Miyashima S, Ageyama N, Ono F, Iida H, Ogawa R, Ikehara S.

First Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.

To minimize contamination of bone marrow cells (BMCs) with T cells from the peripheral blood, a new "perfusion method" for collecting BMCs is proposed using cynomolgus monkeys. Two BM puncture needles are inserted into a long bone such as the humerus, femur, or tibia. One needle is connected to an extension tube and the end of the tube is inserted into a culture flask to collect the BM fluid. The other needle is connected to a syringe containing 30 ml of phosphate-buffered saline. The solution is pushed gently from the syringe into the medullary cavity, and the medium containing the BM fluid is collected into the culture flask. There is significantly less contamination with peripheral blood, determined from the frequencies of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, when using this method (<6%) than when using the conventional method (>20%) consisting of multiple BM aspirations from the iliac crest. Furthermore, the number and progenitor activities of the cells harvested using this "perfusion method" are greater than those harvested using the conventional aspiration method. This perfusion method was carried out 42 times using 15 cynomolgus monkeys, and no complications such as pulmonary infarction or paralysis were observed. These findings suggest that the "perfusion method" is safe and simple and would be of great advantage in obtaining pure BMCs, resulting in a less frequent occurrence of acute graft-versus-host-disease in allogeneic BM transplantation.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11072034&dopt=Abstract

Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Nov 15;1494(1-2):75-82.
Disruption of the gene encoding the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcM4 has no effect on proliferation and in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells.

Pringa E, Meier I, Muller U, Martinez-Noel G, Harbers K.

Heinrich-Pette-Institut fur experimentelle Virologie und Immunologie an der Universitat Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, D-20251, Hamburg, Germany.

The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcM4, which is identical to the human enzyme UbcH7, was previously shown to be essential for normal mouse development. In order to study the possible role of UbcM4 for cell proliferation and in vitro differentiation, we here describe the establishment and characterization of fibroblast and embryonic stem cell lines with partial or complete inactivation of the UbcM4 gene. ES cell lines in which both alleles of the gene were inactivated by targeted mutagenesis showed no differences in growth rates, cell cycle progression and in vitro differentiation when compared to wild-type ES cells. Fibroblast cell lines with a partially inactivated UbcM4 gene were derived from embryos of the previously described A6 mouse mutant, where retrovirus integration has resulted in a recessive lethal mutation. As in the mutant embryos, steady levels of RNA and protein in the cell lines were reduced by about 70%. The mutant cell lines showed no differences in immortalization kinetics, growth rates and cell cycle progression when compared to wild-type fibroblasts. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that UbcM4-mediated ubiquitination and degradation are not necessary for proteins involved in the maintenance and growth of cells.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11072070&dopt=Abstract

Recenti Prog Med. 2000 Oct;91(10):517-24.
[Autoimmune hemolytic anemia]

[Article in Italian]

Marmont A, Zanella A.

Dipartimento di Ematologia (DEMA), Ospedale San Martino, Genova.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemias (AIHAs) are the most ancient and well known example of clinical autoimmunity. They may be still distinguished in two main groups, that is with "warm" or "cold" antibodies, according to the optimal temperature at which they react with the erythrocyte antigens in vivo and in vitro. There is also a subgroup where both kinds of autoantibodies coexist. AIHAs may be idiopathic or secondary. The immunologic techniques for the demonstration of the antibodies are well established, but one must remember that there are infrequent cases with negative DAT (Coombs) test when performed with conventional procedures. The fundamental concepts of therapy are discussed, and the detailed review of the principal procedures is performed, including blood transfusions (when and how), plasma exchanges, high-dose immunoglobulins, glycocorticosteroids, splenectomy, cytotoxic agents and stem cell transplantation, autologous and allogeneic.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11072741&dopt=Abstract

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