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Neurosci Lett. 2002 Dec 13;334(2):107-10.
Androgen induces p130 mRNA expression in the neonatal rat hypothalamus.

Yonehara K, Suzuki M, Yamanouchi K, Nishihara M.

Department of Veterinary Physiology, Veterinary Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.

Our previous research using cDNA microarray analysis demonstrated that female rats displayed a higher p130 mRNA level than males in the hypothalamus at postnatal day (PN) 5. In the present study, it was shown that at PN3 males had a significantly elevated mRNA level over females, whereas at PN7 females displayed a higher expression level using a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In situ hybridization analysis indicated relatively strong p130 mRNA signals in the ventromedial nucleus and the arcuate nucleus in the neonatal hypothalamus. Subcutaneous injection of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone as well as testosterone propionate to PN2 neonatal rats significantly increased p130 gene expression at PN3, whereas estradiol benzoate did not have a significant effect. These results suggest that expression of the p130 gene in the neonatal rat hypothalamus is responsive to androgens and may be involved in sexual differentiation of the brain. 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12435483&dopt=Abstract

Br J Dermatol. 1977 Sep;97(3):237-46.
A study of the in vitro metabolism of androgens by human scalp and pubic skin.

Hay JB.

The metabolism of dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione and testosterone was compared in vitro in human scalp, forehead, pubic and axillary skin biopsies. Conversion of testosterone to the metabolite 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, believed to be the active form of androgen, occurred in all tissues; however 17-oxosteroids such as androstenedione, 5alpha-androstanedione and androsterone were also formed from testosterone and were the major metabolites of scalp and forehead skin. While 17beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase activity was present in every skin sample, it was evident there were differences in the direction of operation of this enzyme in skin from different body sites. Axillary skin readily metabolised androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone to active 17beta-hydroxy steroids such as testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, but these compounds were minor metabolites of androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone in forehead and scalp skin despite their activity in 17beta-oxidation of testosterone. Pubic skin was intermediate between axillary and scalp skin in its ability to form 17beta-hydroxy products from androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone. It is suggested these patterns of metabolism may reflect differences in androgen sensitivity.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=144518&dopt=Abstract

J Endocrinol. 1977 Oct;75(1):73-82.
Androgenic control of the harderian gland in the male golden hamster.

Payne AP, McGadey J, Moore MR, Thompson G.

In the golden hamster, there are marked sex differences in the Harderian gland. Male glands (which are heavier than female glands) possess two cell forms (Type I and Type II cells); female glands only exhibit the former. Female (but not male) glands contain large amounts of porphyrin, which are readily visible as solid depositions within the lumina. The weight, histology and porphyrin content of the Harderian gland was examined in intact adult male hamsters and in male hamsters castrated for 1,2 or 8 months. Castration resulted in a significant reduction in the weight of the gland, the disappearance of Type II cells, and the presence in the gland of solid porphyrin accretions. The levels of copro- and (especially) protoporphyrin were greatly increased. These changes were more marked with time after castration. When the ability of diverse androgens (testosterone, 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (androstenedione), dehydroepiandrosterone and androsterone) to prevent these changes was tested, testosterone and androstenedione maintained glandular weight. All the androgens maintained normal frequencies of Type II cells and all except dehydroepiandrosterone prevented deposition of porphyrin. The potencies of the various androgens in maintaining normal Harderian gland morphology and activity are compared with their effects on other somatic variables and sexual behaviour.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=144766&dopt=Abstract

Obstet Gynecol. 1978 Jan;51(1 Suppl):64s-69s.
Hormone levels following wedge resection in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Mahesh VB, Toledo SP, Mattar E.

A study of serum estradiol, progesterone, 17alpha-hydroxy-progesterone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), delta4-androstenedione (delta4-A), FSH, and LH was carried out in one of three sisters having polycystic ovarian disease for a period of 18 days before wedge resection, at the time of surgery, and for 24 days following wedge resection. The mean levels of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, DHA, delta4-A, and LH were remarkably elevated prior to wedge resection. There was considerable day-to-day variation. Serum LH varied from 12.5 to 70.5 mIU/ml with a mean of 41.03 +/- 3.55 mIU/ml. Serum estradiol and progesterone levels were generally higher than those found in the early follicular phage. Wedge resection resulted in a fall in serum estradiol, progesterone, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, DHA, and delta4-A. Ovarian secretion of the last four steroids was confirmed by a study of the ovarian vein blood obtained at the time of surgery. An estradiol peak occurred on the 14th post wedge resection day with smaller increases in 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, DHA and delta4-A. An increase in serum LH occurred on the 15th post wedge resection day with a peak on Day 16 accompanied by increases in FSH and progesterone. The postovulatory rise of progesterone was accompanied by reduction of serum LH levels to those generally found in the early part of the menstrual cycle. Various hypotheses for the ovulatory failure are discussed.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=144874&dopt=Abstract

The average human scalp is covered by approximatey 100,000 hair follicles. Each hair undergoes hair cycle and normally 50-100 hairs randomly fall out a day, which is unnoticeable because lost hair is replaced by as many new hairs springing up daily. Hair loss results from the fall out of hair from the hair follicle. Alopecia or excessive, premature hair loss is the condition caused by many factors. Loss of hair itself does not pose critical health problems because biological role of human hair is relatively marginal. Hair on our scalp protects the head from mechanical shock, heat loss, and exposure to UV-light. The eyelashes and eyebrowes protect the eyes, and hair in the ear canal or the nasal passages help filter out particles and pathogens, thus protecting our internal organs. However, hair does play important social role: it is one of the major determinants of our appearance and identity in daily life. Fullness of hair also implicates or manifests physical integrity and youthfulness of the person. Losing hair could have more than just emotional impacts on individuals. The hair is a unique organ that goes through a characteristic cycle consisting of an immature phase, a growing phase called anagen, a transitional phase between the growing phase and the resting phase called catagen, and finally a resting phase called telogen in which the hair stops growing, waiting to fall out. 85-90% of hairs on our body are in anagen phase or growing phase, which lasts anywhere from two to five years. This phase is followed by a short regression phase, or catagen, which lasts 2-3 weeks. Approximately 1% of hair follicles are in catagen. Approximately 10-15% of hair follicles are in the resting phase, the telogen, which lasts about 3-5 months. Hair follicles typically goes through 10-20 asynchronous cycles during the lifetime. Persistent loss of more than 150 hairs would consist a state of hair loss, or alopecia, albeit it could be temporary.

DHEA is a natural hormone, and it is produced in our body by the adrenal glands. DHEA has been suggested to provide numerous potential benefits. DHEA (or dehydroepiandrosterone) is converted into androgens (male hormones) or estrogens (female hormones) in the cells. Our bodies produce decreasing amount of DHEA as we get older. various health benefits: To deter aging, improve sexual function/erectile dysfunction, treat cognitive decline, enhance athletic performance, facilitate weight loss, improve strength, prevent osteoporosis, enhance immunomodulation for rheumatic conditions, and treat depression.

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