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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs || Tuberculosis research abs || Pneumonia research abs || Constipation research abs || Laxative research abs || hair research abs || hair related research references || testosterone related research references

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jul;87(7):3399-406.
Variability in sperm suppression during testosterone administration to adult monkeys is related to follicle stimulating hormone suppression and not to intratesticular androgens.

Narula A, Gu YQ, O'Donnell L, Stanton PG, Robertson DM, McLachlan RI, Bremner WJ.

Population Center for Research in Reproduction, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

Sex steroid-based male contraceptive regimens do not induce consistent azoospermia. The reason for this variable response is obscure. We used normal adult male monkeys, Macaca fascicularis (n = 9) as a model of testosterone (T)-induced gonadotropin suppression to understand the basis for variability in spermatogenic suppression during hormonal contraception. As observed in men, T administration to these monkeys induced azoospermia in some animals and variable degrees of spermatogenic suppression in others. Based on their sperm counts, we divided these animals into two groups: azoospermic (azoo; n = 4) and nonazoospermic (nonazoo; n = 5) groups. Sperm density, testis volumes, and serum T, bioassayable LH (bioLH), immunoassayable FSH (immunoFSH), bioassayable FSH (bioFSH), and inhibin B were examined every 2 wk during the control period, 20 wk of T administration using SILASTIC brand (Dow Corning Corp.) implants, and recovery. Testes were biopsied for estimation of intratesticular T, dihydrotestosterone, and 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol. Serum T levels increased 1.5- to 2-fold, leading to decreased bioLH levels (48% of control) and intratesticular T levels (15% of control); neither LH nor intratesticular T levels differed between the azoo and nonazoo groups. In contrast, serum levels of FSH, by both bio- and immunoassay, during T administration were significantly lower in the azoo than in the nonazoo group. These results suggest that the degree of suppression of spermatogenesis is closely related to the degree of suppression of FSH levels and not to the levels of intratesticular androgens or to serum LH. These results imply that FSH plays a key role in supporting spermatogenesis in monkeys in this experimental regimen and suggest that maximal suppression of FSH may be essential to ensure consistent azoospermia in men during hormonal contraception.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12107257&dopt=Abstract

Prog Urol. 2002 Apr;12(2):232-9.
[Prognostic factors of prostate cancer treated with first-line hormone therapy]

[Article in French]

Rigaud J, Le Normand L, Karam G, Glemain P, Buzelin JM, Bouchot O.

Clinique Urologique, CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France.

OBJECTIVE: Endocrine therapy of prostate cancer is designed to eliminate the action of androgens to prevent the growth of hormone-sensitive cancer cells. The duration and quality of the response to this treatment vary from one patient to another. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic factors of patients treated by first-line endocrine therapy for prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From September 1988 to September 1999, 170 patients receiving first-line endocrine therapy for prostate cancer were included. Endocrine therapy consisted of LHRH analogues alone in 59.4% of cases, complete androgen suppression in 21.2% of cases, antiandrogens alone in 17.6% of cases and oestrogens in 1.8% of cases. Clinical, laboratory, scintigraphic and histological data were collected. The overall survival was studied by univariate analysis as a function of pretreatment criteria using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS: The mean survival of the population was 33 +/- 26 months (range: 2-126 months). The following parameters were associated with a significant reduction of overall survival: age greater than 70 years, high ECOG score, mode of presentation of the cancer by alteration of general state, presence of bone pain, presence of bone metastases particularly in the appendicular skeleton, dilatation of renal cavities, Gleason score > 5, PSA level > 100 ng/ml, haemoglobin < 13.5 g/dl, serum creatinine > 105 mumol/l, low plasma testosterone, high alkaline phosphatase, poor response to treatment assessed by PSA greater than 4 ng/ml at 3, 6 and 12 months. CONCLUSION: Determination of these prognostic factors can be used to predict the patient's response to endocrine therapy and survival. These factors can also be used to stratify patients in comparable groups for clinical trials.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12108337&dopt=Abstract

Endocr Res. 2002 Feb-May;28(1-2):69-81.
Rapid action of testosterone and diethylstilbestrol on enzymes of osmoregulation in a freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus.

Sunny F, Oommen OV.

Department of Zoology, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, India.

The rapid action of sex steroids on enzymes of osmoregulation has not been studied in teleosts. In vivo administration of 0.1 microg/g body wt. of testosterone and diethylstilbestrol (DES) significantly enhanced branchial Na+-K+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase, and Na+, K+, and Ca2+ ions as early as 30 minutes in a freshwater teleost Oreochromis mossambicus. Treatment with 10(-6) M testosterone significantly stimulated Na+-K+ ATPase as early as 5 minutes in vitro. The same dose of DES also stimulated Na+-K+ ATPase activity within 10 minutes of incubation in a gill culture study. Administration of the transcriptional inhibitor, actinomycin D (0.1 microg/g body wt. in vivo and 10(-6) M in vitro), prior to hormone treatment, did not prevent the steroid-induced ATPase activity both in vivo and in vitro. It seems that stimulation of Ca2+ ion may be responsible for the hormonal effects to increase enzyme activity. A possible nongenomic mode of action for testosterone and DES is suggested in Oreochromis.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12108791&dopt=Abstract

Environ Toxicol Chem. 2002 Jul;21(7):1359-67.
Isolation of compounds from bleached kraft mill recovery condensates associated with reduced levels of testosterone in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus).

Hewitt LM, Smyth SA, Dube MG, Gilman CI, MacLatchy DL.

Aquatic Ecosystem Protection Research Branch, National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario. mark.hewitc.gc.ca

Previous studies have identified chemical recovery condensates as a primary source of hormonally active substances within a Canadian bleached kraft pulp mill. Although reverse osmosis treatment of condensates raises the exposure threshold that alters circulating levels of testosterone in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), the responsible chemicals have not been characterized. In this study, a solid-phase extraction (SPE) method was developed to isolate chemical recovery condensate extractives for evaluation of hormonal activity. Condensates generated during softwood and hardwood pulp production were investigated for their relative potential to affect both circulating and gonadal production of sex steroids in mummichog. Mummichog were exposed to whole condensates, extracts from suspended particulates (> 1 microm), two fractions from SPE, and residual condensates after SPE. The distribution of bioactivity among condensate fractions was similar for both wood furnishes. In both sexes, significant depressions in circulating testosterone and in in vitro gonadal testosterone production were associated with exposure to whole condensates, particulate extracts, one SPE fraction, and residual material after SPE. An optimized SPE method subsequently demonstrated complete recovery of polar, bioavailable chemicals that reduced testosterone levels in both sexes. Characterizations of active fractions by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed the presence of extractives with molecular masses > or = 240 amu possessing functionalities consistent with lignin degradation products. This study provides the first isolation of chemicals derived from pulp production associated with impaired reproductive performance in fish.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12109734&dopt=Abstract

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