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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs || Tuberculosis research abs || Pneumonia research abs || Constipation research abs || Laxative research abs || hair research abs || hair related research references || testosterone related research references

J Endocrinol. 1999 Apr;161(1):89-97.
Modulation of rat preadipocyte adipose conversion by androgenic status: involvement of C/EBPs transcription factors.

Garcia E, Lacasa M, Agli B, Giudicelli Y, Lacasa D.

INSERM CJF 94-02, Faculte de Medecine Paris-Ouest, Universite Rene Descartes, Paris V, Centre Hospitalier de Poissy, Poissy 78303, France.

Androgenic status affects rat preadipocyte adipose conversion from two deep intra-abdominal (epididymal and perirenal) fat depots differently. The aim of this study was to establish whether these site-specific alterations of adipogenesis are related to altered expressions of the transcriptional factors regulating proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes, c-myc and CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs: C/EBPalpha and beta). The increased proliferation of epididymal and perirenal preadipocytes from castrated rats was not linked to variations in c-myc mRNA and protein levels. The expression of the early marker of adipogenesis, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), was decreased by androgenic deprivation in epididymal cells but remained insensitive to the androgenic status in perirenal preadipocytes. In contrast, LPL expression increased in subcutaneous preadipocytes from castrated rats, an effect which was partly corrected by testosterone treatment. Expression of C/EBPbeta was unaffected by androgenic status whatever the anatomical origin of the preadipocytes. In contrast, the mRNA and protein levels of C/EBPalpha were greatly decreased by androgenic deprivation in epididymal cells, an alteration which could not be corrected by in vivo testosterone administration. Altogether these results demonstrated that in preadipocytes androgenic deprivation affects site-specifically the expression of LPL, an early marker of adipogenesis and of C/EBPalpha, a master regulator of adipogenesis. These observations contribute to an explanation of why castration induces defective adipose conversion in rat epididymal preadipocytes specifically.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10194532&dopt=Abstract

J Exp Zool. 2002 May 1;292(6):555-64.
Physiological changes in the spawning gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, succeeding the removal of males.

Meiri I, Gothilf Y, Zohar Y, Elizur A.

Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Center for Mariculture, Eilat 88112, Israel.

The physiological effects triggered in females by the removal of males from a group of spawning fish were examined in the multiple batch spawner, the gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata. One week after the removal of males, a large portion of the oocytes underwent atresia, and sporadic release of low quality eggs continued at low frequency over a period of seven weeks. The transcript levels of the three native gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) forms, salmon (s)GnRH, seabream (sb)GnRH, and chicken (c)GnRH-II, and the two beta GtH subunits were measured. Brain mRNA levels for all three GnRHs and pituitary beta LH mRNA levels significantly declined in the females as a result of removing the males compared to females that were maintained with males. Pituitary beta FSH mRNA levels showed the opposite trend and were significantly higher in females that were separated from males. Circulating levels of LH, testosterone, estradiol, 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, and 17 alpha, 20 beta,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one all declined in the group of females without males. These results imply the existence of an endocrine response to socio-sexual stimuli during the reproductive process in the gilthead seabream. 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12115938&dopt=Abstract

J Exp Zool. 2002 May 1;292(6):565-72.
High performance liquid chromatographic separation of steroids from ovarian follicles of fresh water perch Anabas testudineus: identification and characterization of the maturation-inducing hormone.

Bhattacharyya S, Sen U, Bhattacharyya SP, Mukherjee D.

Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kalyani University, Kalyani -741 235, W.B., India.

Accurate separation and identification of steroids from the postvitellogenic ovarian follicles of Indian climbing perch Anabas testudineus was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA). The steroids from such follicles, incubated in Cortland's saline with or without homologous fish pituitary extract (FPE), were extracted with dichloromethane and separated on a micro Bondapak C(18) column. Identification of the HPLC fractions was further confirmed by thin layer chromatography. As HPLC peaks for 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and testosterone (T) were close, clear separation of these steroids and accurate measurement of their quantities was achieved by RIA of HPLC fractions using specific antibodies. Altogether, nine eluted fractions in the FPE-untreated and ten in FPE-treated samples were obtained. Of these, six were identified as: 5 beta-pregnan-3 alpha,17 alpha,20 beta-triol (5 beta-3 alpha,17 alpha,20 beta-P); DHP; T; 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha-P(4)); progesterone (P(4)); and androstenedione (AD). Three fractions from untreated and four from FPE-treated samples, however, remained unidentified. Of all the HPLC fractions examined for their relative maturational inducing (MI) potency on full grown (postvitellogenic) ovarian follicles of perch, the fraction identified as DHP was found to be the most effective inducer of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) both at low and high concentrations. Fractions identified as 5 beta-3 alpha, 17 alpha, 20 beta-P and 17alpha-P(4) could induce only 32% and 20% GVBD at their highest concentration, while none of the unidentified fractions showed any MI activity. FPE caused increased production of DHP, testosterone, and 5 beta-3 alpha, 17 alpha, 20 beta-P. The qualitative differences between the fractions obtained from FPE-treated samples and those from FPE-untreated samples were only the appearance of a new polar metabolite of unknown function. The present study showed that, as a single steroid, DHP was the most potent MIH for A. testudineus. 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12115939&dopt=Abstract

Am J Med Genet. 2002 Jul 15;110(4):365-9.
Novel mutation of TBX3 in a Japanese family with ulnar-mammary syndrome: implication for impaired sex development.

Sasaki G, Ogata T, Ishii T, Hasegawa T, Sato S, Matsuo N.

Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. g-sasakp.u-netsurf.ne.jp

We report on a Japanese family (two brothers and their mother) with ulnar-mammary syndrome (UMS). Clinical features included hypoplasia or aplasia of upper limbs on the ulnar side in the three affected individuals, micropenis with or without cryptorchidism, and hypoplastic nipples in the brothers; and hypoplastic mammary glands and nipples, poor perspiration, and bicornuate uterus in the mother. Endocrine studies performed for the underdeveloped external genitalia when the brothers were 11 6/12 and 7 2/12 years old, respectively, indicated low to low-normal responses of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulation tests (elder brother: LH = < 0.2 --> 2.2 IU/L, FSH = 0.6 --> 2.2 IU/L; younger brother: LH = < 0.2 --> 3.3 IU/L, FSH = 0.7 --> 4.4 IU/L) and normal testosterone responses to human gonadotropin stimulation tests (elder brother: < 0.5 --> 8.8 nmol/L; younger brother: < 0.5 --> 6.3 nmol/L). Testosterone enanthate therapy (25 mg/dose IM twice) was effective in the brothers, with penile length increase being similar between the brothers (approximately 5 mm/dose) and 23 age-matched boys with idiopathic micropenis (mean 4.4 mm/dose, range 2.5-7.5 mm/dose). Sequence analysis of the TBX3 gene showed a novel heterozygous nonsense mutation (A817T, K273X) in exon 4 of the three patients. The results are consistent with the previous finding that UMS is caused by haploinsufficiency of TBX3, and imply that mild gonadotropin deficiency may be the primary cause for underdeveloped external genitalia in males with UMS. 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12116211&dopt=Abstract

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