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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs || Tuberculosis research abs

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2000 Mar;31(1):85-8.
The comparison of tuberculosis treatments: a short course therapy and the directly observed short course treatment (DOTS), East Java Province, Indonesia.

Roosihermiatie B, Nishiyama M, Nakae K.

The National Institute of Health System Research and Development Surabaya, Indonesia.

Tuberculosis has been given great attention as HIV/AIDS has increased. Because HIV causes a higher tuberculosis risk is becoming more and more important better tuberculosis treatment. This study aimed to compare the smear conversion rate between short course therapy and the tuberculosis treatment with directly observed short course therapy (DOTS), in East Java, Indonesia. The average smear conversion rate in short course therapy among 35,292 cases was 94.40% over 5 year period (1989/90-1993/94). The tuberculosis treatment with DOTS was started in 1994/95. In the first 2 years the smear conversion rate were 97.67% (42/43) and 98.00% (196/200), respectively. The smear conversion rate of the treatment with DOTS was significantly higher compared to a short course therapy (p-value: <0.001). Thus, tuberculosis treatment with DOTS should be promoted. The concept of supervision by health workers or health cadres should be applied considering mostly are given by family members. And there should be readiness of tuberculosis staff to do the treatment with DOTS in all levels to expand the coverage.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11023071&dopt=Abstract

J Med Microbiol. 2000 Oct;49(10):897-904.
Infection of human enterocyte-like cells with rotavirus enhances invasiveness of Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis.

Di Biase AM, Petrone G, Conte MP, Seganti L, Ammendolia MG, Tinari A, Iosi F, Marchetti M, Superti F.

Institute of Microbiology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy.

Mixed infection with rotavirus and either Yersinia enterocolitica or Y. pseudotuberculosis was analysed in Caco-2 cells, an enterocyte-like cell line highly susceptible to these pathogens. Results showed an increase of bacterial adhesion and internalisation in rotavirus-infected cells. Increased internalisation was also seen with Escherichia coli strain HB101 (pRI203), harbouring the inv gene from Y. pseudotuberculosis, which is involved in the invasion process of host cells. In contrast, the superinfection with bacteria of Caco-2 cells pre-infected with rotavirus resulted in decreased viral antigen synthesis. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the dual infection of enterocytes. These data suggest that rotavirus infection enhances the early interaction between host cell surfaces and enteroinvasive Yersinia spp.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11023186&dopt=Abstract

J Infect Dis. 2000 Nov;182(5):1473-8. Epub 2000 Oct 09.
Surfactant protein genetic marker alleles identify a subgroup of tuberculosis in a Mexican population.

Floros J, Lin HM, Garcia A, Salazar MA, Guo X, DiAngelo S, Montano M, Luo J, Pardo A, Selman M.

Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. jflorosu.edu

Pulmonary surfactant and its components are essential for normal lung function and are involved in local host defense. Surfactant protein (SP)-A and SP-D bind to and modulate phagocytosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by macrophages. Frequency comparisons of SP marker alleles in tuberculosis patients and healthy control subjects (tuberculin-skin test positive or general population) were performed. Regression analyses of the tuberculosis and the tuberculin-skin test positive groups revealed, on the basis of odds ratios, tuberculosis susceptibility (DA11_C and GATA_3) and protective (AAGG_2) marker alleles. Similarly, between tuberculosis patients and general population control subjects, susceptibility 1A(3), 6A(4), and B1013_A and protective AAGG_1, and AAGG_7 marker alleles were observed. Moreover, interactions were seen between alleles 6A(2) and 1A(3) (P=.0064) and between 1A(3) and B1013_A (P=. 036). The findings indicate a possible involvement of SP alleles in tuberculosis pathogenesis.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11023470&dopt=Abstract

Blood. 2000 Oct 15;96(8):2649-54.
Up-regulation of HIV coreceptors CXCR4 and CCR5 on CD4(+) T cells during human endotoxemia and after stimulation with (myco)bacterial antigens: the role of cytokines.

Juffermans NP, Paxton WA, Dekkers PE, Verbon A, de Jonge E, Speelman P, van Deventer SJ, van der Poll T.

Laboratory of Experimental Internal Medicine, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Concurrent infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection stimulate HIV replication. Chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 can act as HIV coreceptors. The authors hypothesized that concurrent infection increases the HIV load through up-regulation of CXCR4 and CCR5. Using experimental endotoxemia as a model of infection, changes in HIV coreceptor expression were assessed in 8 subjects injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 4 ng/kg). The expression of CXCR4 and CCR5 on CD4(+) T cells was increased 2- to 4-fold, 4 to 6 hours after LPS injection. In whole blood in vitro, LPS induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in the expression of CXCR4 and CCR5 on CD4(+) T cells. Similar changes were observed after stimulation with cell wall components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (lipoarabinnomannan) or Staphylococcus aureus (lipoteichoic acid), or with staphylococcal enterotoxin B. LPS increased viral infectivity of CD4-enriched peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with a T-tropic HIV strain. In contrast, M-tropic virus infectivity was reduced, possibly because of elevated levels of the CCR5 ligand cytokines RANTES and MIP-1beta. LPS-stimulated up-regulation of CXCR4 and CCR5 in vitro was inhibited by anti-TNF and anti-IFN gamma. Incubation with recombinant TNF or IFN gamma mimicked the LPS effect. Anti-interleukin 10 (anti-IL-10) reduced CCR5 expression, without influencing CXCR4. In accordance, rIL-10 induced up-regulation of CCR5, but not of CXCR4. Intercurrent infections during HIV infection may up-regulate CXCR4 and CCR5 on CD4(+) T cells, at least in part via the action of cytokines. Such infections may favor selectivity of HIV for CD4(+) T cells expressing CXCR4. (Blood. 2000;96:2649-2654)

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11023494&dopt=Abstract

J Infect. 2000 Sep;41(2):167-71.
Tuberculosis-associated severe CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia in HIV-seronegative patients from Dakar. SIDAK Research Group.

Kony SJ, Hane AA, Larouze B, Samb A, Cissoko S, Sow PS, Sane M, Maynart M, Diouf G, Murray JF.

Institut de Medecine et d'Epidemiologie Africaines/INSERM U444, hopital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency and associated features of severe CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia (<300 cells/mm(3)) in HIV-seronegative patients with tuberculosis. METHODS: Statistical analysis of 430 consecutively enrolled HIV-seronegative inpatients with tuberculosis in two teaching hospitals in Dakar, Senegal. RESULTS: The mean CD4 + cell count was 602+/-318.3 cells/mm(3). CD4 + cell counts were below 300 cells/mm(3)in 62 patients (14.4%). Patients with fewer than 300 CD4+ cells/mm(3)differed from those with higher counts in being less likely to have a positive smear for acid-fast bacilli; in having a higher frequency of extrapulmonary involvement (pleural effusion, adenopathy and miliary disease) and oral candidiasis; and in having smaller tuberculin reactions, lower haemoglobin levels, less cavitation and less patchy infiltration. After adjustment for gender and age, all differences remained except miliary disease. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial percentage (14.4%) of HIV-seronegative hospitalized patients for tuberculosis in a West African country presented with severe CD4 + T-lymphocyte depletion and had clinical and radiographic features indicative of more advanced disease and accompanying immunodepression. These results and those already published suggest that tuberculosis should be regarded as one of the diseases associated with a subgroup of patients with "idiopathic CD4 + T-lymphocytopenia". 2000 The British Infection Society.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11023763&dopt=Abstract

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