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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs || Tuberculosis research abs

Int J Pharm. 2000 Oct 10;207(1-2):1-6.
Combination of molecular modeling and quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis in the study of antimycobacterial activity of pyridine derivatives.

Klimesova V, Palat K, Waisser K, Klimes J.

Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. klimesaf.cuni.cz

A set of 4-benzylsulfanyl derivatives of pyridine-2-carbonitriles and pyridine-2-carbothioamides, previously tested for their antimycobacterial activity, were analysed by quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) techniques, using some physicochemical and quantum-chemical parameters. The resulting QSAR revealed that the activity increases with electron withdrawing substituents in the benzyl moiety of studied compounds. HOMO orbitals can play an important role in the description of the mechanism of interactions at the molecular level. Additionally, the results of multiple linear regression indicate the differences between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. avium. The hydrophobicity of studied compounds is important for activity against M. avium.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11036224&dopt=Abstract

Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2000 Sep;8(3):151-5.
Patients with tuberculosis in Bolivia: why do they die?

Olle-Goig JE.

Catalan Association for the Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculosis in the Third World (ACT-MON), Barcelona, Spain. nicogallegetemail.es

The objective of this research was to analyze why patients with tuberculosis (TB) die and to evaluate whether there are factors contributing to their fatal outcome that could be corrected. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted of the patients with active TB or its sequelae admitted to the TB ward of the main public hospital in the city of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, over a 29-month period, from October 1993 through February 1996. The available records of the patients who died during hospitalization were reviewed. Out of 597 patients, 94 of them (15.7%) died. We examined the records of 90 of these 94 patients. Their mean age was 35.1 years (standard deviation, 16.7 years), and 45 of the patients (50.0%) were male. On admission 42 of the 90 patients (46.7%) had never been treated for TB or had received anti-TB treatment for less than one month, 23 (25.6%) had returned after having abandoned their TB treatment, 8 (8.9%) had had an erroneous diagnosis, 6 (6.7%) had tuberculosis sequelae, 6 (6.7%) were undergoing tuberculosis treatment, and 5 (5.6%) were known to have multidrug-resistant TB. Of the 90 patients, 83 (92.2%) had pulmonary tuberculosis (median lobes affected, 4), 6 (6.7%) had pleural tuberculosis, and 12 (13.3%) had extrapulmonary tuberculosis (some patients had more than one form of TB). Patients died a median of 5.5 days after entering the TB ward. The causes of death were: hemoptysis, 6 patients (6.7%); other tuberculosis-related causes, 65 patients (72.2%); drug reactions, 6 patients (6.7%); nontuberculosis causes, 6 patients (6.7%); and undetermined causes, 7 patients (7.8%). Factors possibly contributing to death were late diagnosis (38.9%), errors in follow-up (14.4%), and errors in treatment (24.4%). In conclusion, most patients with active or inactive TB admitted to our ward died as a consequence of tuberculosis. There were several factors possibly contributing to their fatal outcome that could be corrected.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11036424&dopt=Abstract

J Rheumatol. 2000 Oct;27(10):2511-2.
Wegener's granulomatosis: pitfalls in the management of pulmonary disease: A case of Wegener's granulomatosis with a hilar mass.

Jolly M, Molta C, Hoffman G.

Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, USA.

Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a systemic, granulomatous vasculitis that typically affects the upper airways, lungs, and, in most cases, the kidneys. Lung involvement occurs in 85% of patients. A classic feature of WG is multiple pulmonary nodules, which frequently cavitate. Hilar adenopathy or mediastinal masses are rare. These atypical pulmonary findings should raise suspicion of diseases other than WG and lead to biopsy with cultures, even when the diagnosis of WG appears to be certain. These guidelines proved to be reliable in a patient with WG in whom a hilar mass was associated with tuberculosis.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11036853&dopt=Abstract

Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Feb 15;167(4):599-602. Epub 2002 Nov 21.
Factors associated with tuberculin conversion in Canadian microbiology and pathology workers.

Menzies D, Fanning A, Yuan L, FitzGerald JM; Canadian Collaborative Group in Nosocomial Transmission of Tuberculosis.

Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Dick.menziecgill.ca

The risk of occupational tuberculosis (TB) infection and associated factors was estimated among all microbiology and pathology technicians and compared with a sample of nonclinical personnel in 17 Canadian acute care hospitals. Participants underwent tuberculin skin testing and completed questionnaires. Prior skin tests and vaccinations and all patients with TB hospitalized in the preceding 3 years were reviewed. Of the work areas where direction of air flow and air changes per hour were measured, only 51% were adequately ventilated. Among participating lab workers the average annual risk of tuberculin conversion was 1.0%. This was associated with lower hourly air exchange rates (16.7 versus 32.5 in workers with no conversion, p < 0.001) work in pathology (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 5.4; [95% confidence interval: 1.3, 22], higher proportion of patients with missed diagnosis in the first 24 hours (per 20% increase-OR: 2.0; [1.3, 3.2], treatment delayed 1 week or more (per 20% increase-OR: 2.0; [3.2, 3.2]), and higher mortality (per 20% increase-OR: 2.5; [1.1, 5.6]). We conclude that laboratory workers, with no direct patient contact, have increased risk of tuberculin conversion in hospitals where a greater proportion of patients with TB die, or have delayed, or missed diagnosis, although this may be modified by workplace ventilation.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12446271&dopt=Abstract

Soc Sci Med. 2000 Oct;51(8):1143-61.
Residential segregation and the epidemiology of infectious diseases.

Acevedo-Garcia D.

Department of Health and Social Behavior, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. dacevedsph.harvard.edu

Several empirical studies have documented the effects of residential segregation on health inequalities between the US African-American and white populations. However, the majority of such studies have not explained the pathways that link residential segregation and specific health outcomes. This paper presents a conceptual framework of the role that residential segregation may play in the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) and other infectious diseases. This is an important issue given the concentration of TB cases among US racial/ethnic minorities and the increasing gap in the incidence of infectious diseases between minorities and the white majority. Segregation may have an indirect effect on the transmission of TB because of its negative impact on the quality of neighborhood environment in segregated communities. Segregation concentrates poverty, overcrowded and dilapidated housing and social disintegration in minority areas, and results in limited access to health care. Furthermore, two dimensions of residential segregation (isolation and concentration) may have direct effects on TB transmission. The isolation of minorities confines TB to segregated areas and prevents transmission to the rest of the population. High-density levels in minority areas increase the probability of transmission within the segregated group. In order to operationalize the above pathways, health researchers may rely on the segregation literature, which has conceptualized various dimensions of residential segregation and proposed ways to measure them. The indirect pathways that link segregation and TB can be captured through exposure indices, which quantify the concentration of risk factors for TB for various racial and ethnic groups. The direct pathways can be captured through the isolation index (which is a proxy for the degree of interaction between the segregated group and the rest of the population) and two proposed measures of density (which are proxies for the likelihood of transmission within the segregated group and from the segregated group to the rest of the population).

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11037206&dopt=Abstract

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