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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs || Tuberculosis research abs

Thorax. 2000 Nov;55(11):962-3.
Resource implications of patients with multidrug resistant tuberculosis.

White VL, Moore-Gillon J.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bart's and the London NHS Trust, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London EC1A 7BE, UK. vlctinternet.com

BACKGROUND: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) requires a complex drug regimen and lengthy multidisciplinary care. The financial cost of successful management of each case is potentially large. METHODS: The costs of managing nine HIV negative patients with pulmonary MDR TB were compared with 18 age group and ethnicity matched controls with fully sensitive disease. Calculations included: cost of outpatient visits and inpatient stays including negative pressure isolation; costs of drug provision and toxicity monitoring; costs of additional procedures and multidisciplinary referrals. RESULTS: The mean cost of managing a case of pulmonary MDR TB was in excess of 60,000 pounds sterling and for sensitive disease it was 6040 pounds sterling. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians and healthcare commissioning authorities may both be underestimating the costs of managing MDR TB, and accordingly the consequences for units dealing with such cases may be serious. Funding of care for MDR TB in the UK requires strategic decisions at regional or governmental level.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11050268&dopt=Abstract

Braz J Med Biol Res. 2000 Nov;33(11):1275-82.
Evidence for the expression of native Mycobacterium tuberculosis phospholipase C: recognition by immune sera and detection of promoter activity.

Matsui T, Carneiro CR, Leao SC.

Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil.

The genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv contains three contiguous genes (plc-a, plc-b and plc-c) which are similar to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa phospholipase C (PLC) genes. Expression of mycobacterial PLC-a and PLC-b in E. coli and M. smegmatis has been reported, whereas expression of the native proteins in M. tuberculosis H37Rv has not been demonstrated. The objective of the present study was to demonstrate that native PLC-a is expressed in M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Sera from mice immunized with recombinant PLC-a expressed in E. coli were used in immunoblots to evaluate PLC-a expression. The immune serum recognized a 49-kDa protein in immunoblots against M. tuberculosis extracts. No bands were visible in M. tuberculosis culture supernatants or extracts from M. avium, M. bovis and M. smegmatis. A 550-bp DNA fragment upstream of plc-a was cloned in the pJEM12 vector and the existence of a functional promoter was evaluated by detection of beta-galactosidase activity. beta-Galactosidase activity was detected in M. smegmatis transformed with recombinant pJEM12 grown in vitro and inside macrophages. The putative promoter was active both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that expression is constitutive. In conclusion, expression of non-secreted native PLC-a was demonstrated in M. tuberculosis.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11050656&dopt=Abstract

Mil Med. 2000 Oct;165(10):800-2.
Tuberculosis of the breast presenting as carcinoma.

O'Reilly M, Patel KR, Cummins R.

Department of Radiology, Queen Mary's University Hospital, Roehampton, London, United Kingdom.

Breast infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, although rare in western countries, should not be forgotten as a cause of a breast lump presenting clinically and radiologically as a carcinoma in the older patient who gives a history of previous tuberculosis. We report the case of an 84-year-old woman with a breast lump showing noncaseating granulomas on histology who developed a sinus track after excision biopsy of the lump. The patient responded to empiric treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs and remains well 2 years after presentation.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11050880&dopt=Abstract

J Bacteriol. 2002 Dec;184(24):6760-7.
Mycobacterium bovis BCG response regulator essential for hypoxic dormancy.

Boon C, Dick T.

Mycobacterium Biology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 117609, Republic of Singapore.

Obligately aerobic tubercle bacilli are capable of adapting to survive hypoxia by developing into a nonreplicating or dormant form. Dormant bacilli maintain viability for extended periods. Furthermore, they are resistant to antimycobacterials, and hence, dormancy might play a role in the persistence of tuberculosis infection despite prolonged chemotherapy. Previously, we have grown dormant Mycobacterium bovis BCG in an oxygen-limited Wayne culture system and subjected the bacilli to proteome analysis. This work revealed the upregulation of the response regulator Rv3133c and three other polypeptides (alpha-crystallin and two "conserved hypothetical" proteins) upon entry into dormancy. Here, we replaced the coding sequence of the response regulator with a kanamycin resistance cassette and demonstrated that the loss-of-function mutant died after oxygen starvation-induced termination of growth. Thus, the disruption of this dormancy-induced transcription factor resulted in loss of the ability of BCG to adapt to survival of hypoxia. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of protein extracts from the gene-disrupted strain showed that the genetic loss of the response regulator caused loss of the induction of the other three dormancy proteins. Thus, the upregulation of these dormancy proteins requires the response regulator. Based on these two functions, dormancy survival and regulation, we named the Rv3133c gene dosR for dormancy survival regulator. Our results provide conclusive evidence that DosR is a key regulator in the oxygen starvation-induced mycobacterial dormancy response.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12446625&dopt=Abstract

J Org Chem. 2000 Oct 6;65(20):6682-7.
The cumbiasins, structurally novel diterpenes possessing intricate carbocyclic skeletons from the West Indian sea whip Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae (Bayer).

Rodriguez AD, Ramirez C, Shi YP.

Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00931-3346, USA. arodrioliath.cnnet.clu.edu

From the hexane extract of the West Indian gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae, two diterpenes, cumbiasins A (1) and B (2), having a novel tetracyclic carbon skeleton named cumbiane, have been isolated. In addition, we have isolated cumbiasin C (3), a ring cleavage product of cumbiasin B that possesses an unusual carbocyclic framework named seco-cumbiane. The structures and relative configurations of metabolites 1-3 were elucidated by interpretation of overall spectral data, which included 2D NMR correlation methods, IR, UV, and accurate mass measurements (HREI-MS and HRFAB-MS). The carbocyclic skeletons of the cumbiasins are unprecedented and represent new classes of C20 rearranged diterpenes. Cumbiasins A and B display mild in vitro anti-tuberculosis activity.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11052119&dopt=Abstract

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