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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs || Tuberculosis research abs

Chest. 2001 Jan;119(1):176-80.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis disease in Somali immigrants in Minnesota.

Kempainen R, Nelson K, Williams DN, Hedemark L.

University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To characterize pulmonary and extrapulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis cases in the Somali community in Minnesota. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of active tuberculosis cases in Somalis reported to the Minnesota Department of Health between January 1993 and June 1998. PATIENTS: Ethnic Somalis in the state of Minnesota with M tuberculosis diagnosed by positive culture or radiographic findings consistent with tuberculosis and clinical improvement when treated with antituberculous drugs. RESULTS: Eighty-two Somali patients were diagnosed with tuberculosis during the study period. Extrapulmonary disease (typically lymphadenopathy) was present in 46% (n = 38). The 1997 incidence of tuberculosis in Minnesota's Somali population was estimated at 170 cases per 100,000 population compared with a national incidence of 20.5 per 100,000 among African Americans and 2.5 per 100,000 among whites. Ninety percent of Somali patients were < 40 years of age; 63% were diagnosed within 1 year of immigration, and > 90% had positive results with the purified protein derivative skin test. M tuberculosis was confirmed in 24 of 25 isolates from extrapulmonary cases. Multidrug resistance was present in 3.4%, and only two patients had AIDS. CONCLUSIONS: Somalis have a high incidence of active disease, with frequent extrapulmonary involvement in the absence of AIDS, clinical presentation shortly after immigration, and infrequent infection with resistant organisms. Health-care providers should maintain an increased awareness for tuberculosis when evaluating Somali immigrants.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11157601&dopt=Abstract

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2003 May;17(3):334-6.
Erythema induratum of Bazin and Poncet's disease -- successful treatment with antitubercular drugs.

Heinemann C, Kaatz M, Elsner P.

Department of Dermatology and Dermatological Allergology, University-Hospitals of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erfurterstr. 35, 07740 Jena, Germany.

Erythema induratum of Bazin (EIB) is considered a tuberculide reaction and consists of recurrent painful nodules predominantly on the calves. Clinically it has common features with diseases like nodular vasculitis, perniosis, polyarteritis nodosa and erythema nodosum. Poncet's disease is a reactive arthritis that may accompany tuberculosis. We report a case of a young woman in which the simultaneous occurrence of erythema induratum of Bazin and Poncet's disease led to a clinical picture very similar to Lofgren's syndrome. The final diagnosis was obtained by polymerase chain reaction detection of mycobacterial DNA in a skin biopsy. A systemic therapy with tuberculostatic drugs led to the disappearance of symptoms. The presented case shows the usefulness of polymerase chain reaction diagnostics in EIB patients without other clinical signs of tuberculosis and a confusing combination of symptoms, and further confirms the presence of mycobacterial DNA in EIB lesions.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12702080&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]

Chest. 2001 Jan;119(1):277-80.
Video-assisted thoracoscopic sterilization for exacerbation of chronic empyema thoracis.

Suzuki T, Kitami A, Suzuki S, Kamio Y, Narushima M, Suzuki H.

Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of video-assisted thoracoscopic sterilization to treat patients with exacerbation of chronic empyema thoracis. DESIGN: Case reports and literature review. SETTING: Academic department of surgery. PATIENTS: Two elderly, debilitated patients with worsening, chronic empyema thoracis as diagnosed by radiographs, CT, and thoracentesis. Both patients had a history of therapeutic pneumothorax for tuberculosis without bronchopleural fistulas. INTERVENTIONS: Video-assisted thoracoscopic sterilization of the thoracic cavity. Measurements and results: There was no recurrence of empyema during a 6-year follow-up period for one patient and a 2.5-year follow-up period for the other patient. CONCLUSIONS: Video-assisted thoracoscopic sterilization is a minimally invasive useful treatment for elderly or debilitated patients with exacerbation of chronic empyema thoracis.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11157615&dopt=Abstract

J Antimicrob Chemother. 2001 Feb;47(2):177-82.
Sources of variation in studies of the early bactericidal activity of antituberculosis drugs.

Sirgel F, Venter A, Mitchison D.

National Tuberculosis Research Programme, Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg, 7505 South Africa.

The early bactericidal activity (EBA) of antituberculosis drugs can be measured as the daily fall in cfu counts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum, usually during the first 2 days of treatment. In studies of low potency drugs, it is necessary to compare the treated group of patients with a group who receives no chemotherapy (Nil group). Over the past 10 years, five Nil groups of between five and 13 patients have been studied in Cape Town and two Nil groups in Hong Kong. There was a suggestion of an increase in variation within the Cape Town groups, as shown by a regression of variance size against study date (P = 0.06), which could not be attributed to technical causes. It might indicate increasing host resistance in the Western Cape epidemic of tuberculosis. Since the weighted mean of all Nil groups at Cape Town was 0.00036, very close to zero, it would seem safe to test means of treated groups against zero thus increasing precision and avoiding ethical problems in delaying treatment. In contrast to Nil groups, the variation found in five groups who received 300 mg isoniazid daily (INH 300) was uniform and homoscedastic, possibly because the additional variation was caused mainly by individual differences in plasma isoniazid concentrations and patient body weights. The mean EBA in the INH 300 series was 0.575 with 95% confidence limits of 0.515 and 0.636.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11157902&dopt=Abstract

J Antimicrob Chemother. 2001 Feb;47(2):199-202.
Antimycobacterial action of B4128, a novel tetramethylpiperidyl-substituted phenazine.

Matlola NM, Steel HC, Anderson R.

Medical Research Council Unit for Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Institute for Pathology, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.

The effects of the novel tetramethylpiperidyl (TMP)-substituted phenazine, B4128 (0.6-2.5 mg/L), on growth, phospholipase A2(PLA2) activity, cation (K+, Ca2+) fluxes and energy metabolism (ATP) of Mycobacterium aurum A(+) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Ra) have been investigated in vitro. Growth, PLA2 and cation fluxes were measured radiometrically, while microbial ATP was assayed by means of a luciferin/luciferase chemiluminescence method. Exposure of the mycobacteria to B4128 resulted in immediate, dose-related enhancement of microbial PLA2 activity and inhibition of K+ influx, which preceded effects on microbial ATP, influx of Ca2+ and growth. These results demonstrate that B4128 possesses membrane-directed antimycobacterial properties that are similar to those of clofazimine.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11157907&dopt=Abstract

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