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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs || Tuberculosis research abs

Vet Pathol. 2000 Sep;37(5):415-21.
Reduced formation of granulomata in gamma(delta) T cell knockout BALB/c mice inoculated with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

Tanaka S, Itohara S, Sato M, Taniguchi T, Yokomizo Y.

Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, Chuzan, Kagoshima, Japan. tanakaat.affrc.go.jp

The role of gamma(delta) T cells in the bovine immune response to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) infection is poorly understood. Accordingly, using BALB/c mice that are innately susceptible to M. paratuberculosis, we compared wild-type and gamma(delta) T cell knockout BALB/c mice to study the protective roles of gamma(delta) T cells in M. paratuberculosis infection. Ten-week-old mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with either a low dose (4 x 10(6) colony-forming units [CFU]/mouse) or a high dose (4 x 10(9) CFU/mouse) of M. paratuberculosis strain ATCC 19698. Histopathologic and morphometric examinations showed reductions in the number and area of granulomatous lesions in the liver of the knockout mice at 18 weeks after inoculation with either the low or the high dose of the mycobacteria. Furthermore, at 18 weeks after inoculation, the bacterial load in the spleens of the knockout mice inoculated with the high dose was significantly lower than that of wild-type mice. No differences were found in bacterial load between the knockout and the wild-type mice in the low-dose groups. In contrast, in the livers of wild-type mice inoculated with either the low or high mycobacterial dose, increased areas of epithelioid granulomata were observed and the granulomata became disseminated widely during the experimental period. These findings in model mice suggest that gamma(delta) T cells, rather than restricting mycobacterial growth, may play a crucial role in development of epithelioid granulomata similar to those seen consistently in bovine paratuberculosis. The results of this study may have relevance to our understanding of the pathogenesis of paratuberculosis in ruminants, in which a prominent number of gamma(delta) T cells exist in the lymphoid system.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11055864&dopt=Abstract

Vet Pathol. 2000 Sep;37(5):428-38.
The pathology of spontaneous paratuberculosis in the North American bison (Bison bison).

Buergelt CD, Layton AW, Ginn PE, Taylor M, King JM, Habecker PL, Mauldin E, Whitlock R, Rossiter C, Collins MT.

Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA.

Gross and histopathologic examinations were performed on 70 North American bison (Bison bison) from a Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis culture-positive herd. The bison examined were part of a breeding herd totaling 2,800 animals. Eight of 70 (11%) animals had gross findings of intestinal mucosal thickening, and 16 of 70 (23%) of the animals had enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. Histologic lesions compatible with Johne's disease were diagnosed in 30 of 70 (43%) bison on the basis of the demonstration of noncaseating granulomatous inflammatory infiltrates and of one or more acid-fast bacilli characteristic of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis. A suspicious diagnosis of Johne's disease was obtained in 11 of 70 (16%) bison on the basis of the observation of noncaseating granulomatous inflammatory infiltrates without demonstrable acid-fast bacteria. Twenty-nine of 70 (41%) animals were assessed as histologically paratuberculosis free. Histologic results were compared to Johne's disease tests such as culture, serology, and polymerase chain reaction, which were performed on some of the cohort animals.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11055866&dopt=Abstract

J Neuroradiol. 2002 Sep;29(3):204-7.
[Tuberculosis of the posterior vertebral arch. A case report]

[Article in French]

Nassar I, Mahi M, Semlali S, Kacemi L, El Quessar A, Chakir N, El Hassani MR, Jiddane M.

Service de Neuroradiologie, Hopital des specialites, ONO, CHU Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc, France.

Tuberculosis of the spine usually involves the vertebral body and intervertebral disk. Involvement of the posterior arch is rare. We report a case of tuberculosis involving the posterior elements of the T4 and T5 vertebrae in a 38 year old woman. CT is helpful to assess bony structures whereas MRI is ideal to evaluate the neural structures. Clinical, radiographic, and therapeutic considerations regarding tuberculosis of the spine are reviewed.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12447146&dopt=Abstract

Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2000 Jul;29(4):521-7.
Hard metal lung disease--the first case in Singapore.

Tan KL, Lee HS, Poh WT, Ren MQ, Watt F, Tang SM, Eng P.

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.

INTRODUCTION: We report the first case of hard metal lung disease in Singapore and the occupational investigative work and control measures that were undertaken. CLINICAL PICTURE: A 38-year-old machinist in the tool manufacturing industry presented with exertional dyspnoea and cough. Chest X-ray revealed bilateral reticulonodular infiltrates with honeycombing. High resolution computed tomography scan of the thorax confirmed the presence of interstitial fibrosis. Open biopsy of the lung showed features of pneumoconiosis. Particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis, a relatively new elemental analysis technique, performed on the lung biopsy specimen confirmed the presence of tungsten and titanium; and he was diagnosed to have hard metal lung disease. Microbiologic, serologic and histologic investigations excluded an infective cause. Serial pulmonary function tests on follow-up showed no progression. He presented with haemoptysis 10 months later and was diagnosed to have tuberculosis on the basis of positive sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. TREATMENT: Preventive measures and permanent transfer to non-cobalt work were instituted. OUTCOME: The interstitial fibrosis appears to have stabilised. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of hard metal lung disease must be considered in a worker exposed to cobalt presenting with interstitial fibrosis.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11056785&dopt=Abstract

Biotechniques. 2000 Oct;29(4):844-8, 850-2, 854 passim.
PCR amplification on a microarray of gel-immobilized oligonucleotides: detection of bacterial toxin- and drug-resistant genes and their mutations.

Strizhkov BN, Drobyshev AL, Mikhailovich VM, Mirzabekov AD.

Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

PCR amplification on a microarray of gel-immobilized primers (microchip) has been developed. One of a pair of PCR primers was immobilized inside a separate microchip polyacrylamide porous gel pad of 0.1 x 0.1 x 0.02 (or 0.04) micron in size and 0.2 (or 0.4) nL in volume. The amplification was carried out simultaneously both in solution covering the microchip array and inside gel pads. Each gel pad contained the immobilized forward primers, while the fluorescently labeled reverse primers, as well as all components of the amplification reaction, diffused into the gel pads from the solution. To increase the amplification efficiency, the forward primers were also added into the solution. The kinetics of amplification was measured in real time in parallel for all gel pads with a fluorescent microscope equipped with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The accuracy of the amplification was assessed by using the melting curves obtained for the duplexes formed by the labeled amplification product and the gel-immobilized primers during the amplification process; alternatively, the duplexes were produced by hybridization of the extended immobilized primers with labeled oligonucleotide probes. The on-chip amplification was applied to detect the anthrax toxin genes and the plasmid-borne beta-lactamase gene responsible for bacterial ampicillin resistance. The allele-specific type of PCR amplification was used to identify the Shiga toxin gene and discriminate it from the Shiga-like one. The genomic mutations responsible for rifampicin resistance of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were detected by the same type of PCR amplification of the rpoB gene fragment isolated from sputum of tuberculosis patients. The on-chip PCR amplification has been shown to be a rapid, inexpensive and powerful tool to test genes responsible for bacterial toxin production and drug resistance, as well as to reveal point nucleotide mutations.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11056816&dopt=Abstract

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