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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs || Tuberculosis research abs

J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. 2002 Nov;49(9):415-8.
Identification of acid fast bacteria from caseous lesions in cattle in Sudan.

Sulieman MS, Hamid ME.

Department of Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan.

One-hundred-and-twenty caseous lesions collected from slaughtered cattle at selected slaughterhouses in Sudan were processed for the detection of acid-fast bacteria (AFB). Sixty-four of the 120 samples showed AFB on microscopic examination after staining with the Ziehl-Neelsen method. Accordingly, it was estimated that 64 (53.3%) of the 120 caseous (purulent) lesions among the samples were due to AFB whereas 56 (46.7%) were due to other causes. Growth on Lowenstein-Jensen slants was obtained in 54 of the 120 samples. The isolated AFB were tentatively identified using microscopic and cultural characteristics. Confirmation of the phenotypic clusters was achieved by analysing the mycolic acids contents and PCR-amplification of the IS6110 insertion sequences. The above two methods have allowed the identification of Mycobacterium bovis and M. farcinogenes, the major AFB isolated from cattle in Sudan. The remaining AFB, which were negative for the above two tests, were further identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The above strategy thus allowed the identification of the isolated strains as follows: 25 (46%) M. bovis; 21 (39.9%) M. farcinogenes; 4 (7.4%) M. tuberculosis; 1 (1.9%) M. avium; 1 (1.9%) Nocardia sp., 2 (3.7%) unidentified AFB. The isolation of M. farcinogenes and M. tuberculosis, from pulmonary lymph nodes represented important findings.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12489708&dopt=Abstract

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2003 Jan 4;147(1):4-7.
[Tuberculosis spondylodiscitis in three older patients]

[Article in Dutch]

Schoon Y, Samson MM, Verhaar HJ.

Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, afd. Klinische Geriatrie, Utrecht. yschoolkerliek.nl

Three patients, two women aged 78 and 70 years, respectively, and a man aged 71 years, had back pain for months. Fever was absent. Blood parameters of infection were slightly or highly elevated. The diagnosis of spondylodiscitis was confirmed by MRI in all three patients. In one patient tuberculosis was confirmed by culture. One patient was from Turkey and the other two patients had been exposed professionally to tuberculosis. On two occasions, spondylodiscitis was complicated by compression of the spinal cord, and surgical intervention was necessary on one occasion because of neurological deficit. Initial treatment consisted of long-term bed rest and antituberculous therapy. All three patients recovered successfully. Tuberculous spondylodiscitis is a rare cause of back pain, but should be included in the differential diagnosis, particularly if there is an increased risk based on the medical history or if the patient comes from an endemic region or has an increased risk due to his or her profession.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12564289&dopt=Abstract

FEBS Lett. 2003 Jan 2;533(1-3):35-41.
Microtubule-dependent regulation of Rho GTPases during internalisation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.

McGee K, Holmfeldt P, Fallman M.

Department of Molecular Biology, Umea University, 901 87, Umea, Sweden.

Internalisation of the human pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis via interaction of bacterial invasin with host beta1 integrins depends on the actin cytoskeleton and involves Src family kinases, focal adhesion kinase, p130Crk-associated substrate, proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2, Rac, Arp 2/3 complex and WASP family members. We show here that Rho GTPases are regulated by the microtubule system during bacterial uptake. Interfering with microtubule organisation using nocodazole or paclitaxel suppressed uptake by HeLa cells. The nocodazole effect on microtubule depolymerisation was partially inhibited through overexpression of Rac, Cdc42, RhoG or RhoA and completely prevented by expression of Vav2. This suggests that microtubules influence Rho GTPases during invasin-mediated phagocytosis and in the absence of functional microtubules Vav2 can mimic their effect on one, or more, of the Rho family GTPases. Lastly, overexpression of p50 dynamitin partially inhibited bacterial uptake and this effect was also blocked by co-expression of Vav2, thus further implicating this guanine nucleotide exchange factor in activating Rho GTPases for internalisation during loss of microtubule function.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12505155&dopt=Abstract

J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2003 Feb 5;784(2):255-64.
Determination of kanamycin in serum by solid-phase extraction, pre-capillary derivatization and capillary electrophoresis.

Long YH, Hernandez M, Kaale E, Van Schepdael A, Roets E, Borrull F, Calull M, Hoogmartens J.

Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, K.U. Leuven, E. Van Evenstraat 4, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.

An effective method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the determination of kanamycin in human serum was developed and validated. Off-line SPE was employed for the isolation of kanamycin from serum on a carboxypropyl-bonded phase (CBA) weak cation-exchange cartridge. A mixture of 0.2 M borate (pH 10.5)-methanol (50:50, v/v) was used as analyte eluting solvent. After pre-capillary derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde/mercaptoacetic acid reagent, the sample was analyzed by CE with a separation buffer of 30 mM borax, pH 10.0, containing 16% (v/v) methanol. A linear response over the concentration range 5-40 microgram/ml was obtained with a detection limit of 2 microgram/ml. Intra-day and inter-day precision were 6.2 and 10.3% RSD, respectively. Recoveries of approximately 90% were found. For the determination of lower levels of kanamycin (<5 microgram/ml), NH(4)OH (25%, w/v)-methanol (30:70, v/v) was used for analyte elution. After evaporation, reconstitution and derivatization, the sample was analyzed by on-line field-amplified sample stacking (FASS) CE. Good linearity in the concentration range 0.4-5 microgram/ml was obtained with a detection limit of 0.1 microgram/ml. Intra-day and inter-day RSD were 3.4 and 11.2%, respectively. Recoveries of approximately 60% were found. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of kanamycin in sera of tuberculosis patients at peak level and trough level concentrations.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12505773&dopt=Abstract

J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar 7;278(10):8154-62. Epub 2002 Dec 28.
Analysis of heme structural heterogeneity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase (KatG).

Chouchane S, Girotto S, Kapetanaki S, Schelvis JP, Yu S, Magliozzo RS.

Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 11210-2889, USA.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase (KatG) is a heme enzyme considered important for virulence, which is also responsible for activation of the anti-tuberculosis pro-drug isoniazid. Here, we present an analysis of heterogeneity in KatG heme structure using optical, resonance Raman, and EPR spectroscopy. Examination of ferric KatG under a variety of conditions, including enzyme in the presence of fluoride, chloride, or isoniazid, and at different stages during purification in different buffers allowed for assignment of spectral features to both five- and six-coordinate heme. Five-coordinate heme is suggested to be representative of "native" enzyme, since this species was predominant in the enzyme examined immediately after one chromatographic protocol. Quantum mechanically mixed spin heme is the most abundant form in such partially purified enzyme. Reduction and reoxidation of six-coordinate KatG or the addition of glycerol or isoniazid restored five-coordinate heme iron, consistent with displacement of a weakly bound distal water molecule. The rate of formation of KatG Compound I is not retarded by the presence of six-coordinate heme either in wild-type KatG or in a mutant (KatG[Y155S]) associated with isoniazid resistance, which contains abundant six-coordinate heme. These results reveal a number of similarities and differences between KatG and other Class I peroxidases.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12506108&dopt=Abstract

The average human scalp is covered by approximatey 100,000 hair follicles. Each hair undergoes hair cycle and normally 50-100 hairs randomly fall out a day, which is unnoticeable because lost hair is replaced by as many new hairs springing up daily. Hair loss results from the fall out of hair from the hair follicle. Alopecia or excessive, premature hair loss is the condition caused by many factors. Loss of hair itself does not pose critical health problems because biological role of human hair is relatively marginal. Hair on our scalp protects the head from mechanical shock, heat loss, and exposure to UV-light. The eyelashes and eyebrowes protect the eyes, and hair in the ear canal or the nasal passages help filter out particles and pathogens, thus protecting our internal organs. However, hair does play important social role: it is one of the major determinants of our appearance and identity in daily life. Fullness of hair also implicates or manifests physical integrity and youthfulness of the person. Losing hair could have more than just emotional impacts on individuals. The hair is a unique organ that goes through a characteristic cycle consisting of an immature phase, a growing phase called anagen, a transitional phase between the growing phase and the resting phase called catagen, and finally a resting phase called telogen in which the hair stops growing, waiting to fall out. 85-90% of hairs on our body are in anagen phase or growing phase, which lasts anywhere from two to five years. This phase is followed by a short regression phase, or catagen, which lasts 2-3 weeks. Approximately 1% of hair follicles are in catagen. Approximately 10-15% of hair follicles are in the resting phase, the telogen, which lasts about 3-5 months. Hair follicles typically goes through 10-20 asynchronous cycles during the lifetime. Persistent loss of more than 150 hairs would consist a state of hair loss, or alopecia, albeit it could be temporary.

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