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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs || Tuberculosis research abs

J Subst Abuse Treat. 1999 Apr;16(3):229-35.
Knowledge of tuberculosis among drug users. Relationship to return rates for tuberculosis screening at a syringe exchange.

Salomon N, Perlman DC, Friedmann P, Perkins MP, Ziluck V, Jarlais DC, Paone D.

Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

Tuberculosis is an important health issue among drug users. We sought to evaluate active drug users' (DUs) knowledge of tuberculosis (TB) and to assess the relationship between TB knowledge and attitudes and tuberculin skin test (TST) return rates at a syringe exchange program. DUs were recruited at a syringe exchange program in New York City, were interviewed and offered TSTs, and received $15.00 upon returning for TST reading. The questionnaire evaluated knowledge of TB transmission, prevention, and treatment. From March 13, 1995 to January 31, 1996, 610 of 650 (94%) of DUs approached agreed to participate. Of these, 80% had previous TSTs within the past 2 years and 20% were known to be HIV infected. Almost all knew that TB is contagious and more than two thirds knew that TB is treatable and that TB preventive therapy existed. However, fewer than half knew that HIV-related TB could be treated, 30% thought TB could be treated without a medical doctor, and the majority (70%) thought a reactive TST implied infectivity. The rate of return for TST reading was 93%. In multivariate analysis, those who knew that HIV-related TB was curable were more likely to return for TST reading (odds ratio 2.0; 95% confidence interval 1.04 to 3.95; p = .03). The high acceptance and return rates suggest that TB services can be incorporated into syringe exchange programs. However, several important gaps in TB knowledge existed in this population at high risk of TB, which may impact on adherence and which support the need for TB education for drug users.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10194740&dopt=Abstract

Surg Neurol. 2002 Mar;57(3):195-202; discussion 202-3.
Calvarial tuberculosis.

Mukherjee KK, Kaushik R, Nada R, Khosla VK, Khandelwal N, Kak VK.

Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

BACKGROUND: Calvarial tuberculosis is rare, even in areas where tuberculosis is endemic. Primary calvarial tuberculosis, with no evidence of tuberculosis elsewhere in the body is a rarer entity.METHODS: Seven cases of calvarial tuberculosis are presented. The relevant clinicoradiological features and management are discussed.RESULTS: Two cases of primary calvarial tuberculosis could only be diagnosed after surgery. The other cases were diagnosed with the help of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and biopsy.CONCLUSION: A high index of suspicion and awareness of this condition may lead to more cases being diagnosed early. Surgery may be avoided in selected cases that can be treated primarily with antitubercular therapy.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12009549&dopt=Abstract

Bioconjug Chem. 2002 May-Jun;13(3):474-80.
Total chemical synthesis of a 27 kDa TASP protein derived from the MscL ion channel of M. tuberculosis by ketoxime-forming ligation.

Kochendoerfer GG, Tack JM, Cressman S.

Gryphon Sciences, 250 East Grand Avenue, Suite 90, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. Gkochendoerferyphonsci.com

A 27-kDa TASP protein, T(5)Msc(103-151), that was derived from the cytoplasmic domain (amino acid residues 103-151) of the MscL ion channel of M. tuberculosis was synthesized by ketoxime-forming chemoselective ligation between a template molecule carrying five pyruvic acid groups, and linear channel peptides carrying one aminooxyacetic acid group. Ketoxime-forming ligation provided for highly efficient assembly of this large totally synthetic protein construct with yields >90% with modest excess (1.5x) of the aminooxy peptide. Formation of the desired TASP molecule was confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis and MALDI mass spectrometry. The effect of template attachment on the structure of the peptides constituting the TASP was assessed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Attachment of the peptides to the topological template induces predominantly helical secondary structure, whereas an analogous peptide that did not bear an aminooxy group, MscL(103-151), does not exhibit significant secondary structure at pH 7 and is found to be monomeric in concentrations up to 65 microM. This observation can be explained by entropic destabilization of the unfolded state of T(5)Msc(103-151) due to the attachment to the template and the resulting loss of degrees of freedom. Pyruvic acid-based ketoxime-forming chemoselective ligation may thus prove to be a useful tool for the assembly of large, non-native protein constructs and their biophysical study.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12009936&dopt=Abstract

Acta Radiol. 2002 Mar;43(2):230-4.
Image-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of deep-seated enlarged lymph nodes.

Nahar Saikia U, Khirdwadkar N, Saikia B, Sood B, Goldsmith R, Dey P, Gupta SK.

Department of Cytology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of image-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of deep-seated lymph nodes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Image-guided FNACs were performed on 242 patients of deep-seated lymph nodes which included thoracic, retroperitoneal and abdominal nodes. A sterile 3.5/5-MHz micro convex sector probe was used for localisation of the node. The FNAC was performed using a 0.7- to 0.9-mm needle with the stylet removed and attached to a 20-ml syringe and FNAC handle after the needle was visualised in the lesion. For each case a minimum of 4-5 smears were made, and two observers without bias interpreted the smears. RESULTS: A total of 242 patients were aspirated, of which 216 (90%) aspirations were US-guided and the remaining 26 (10%) were CT-guided. Adequate material for cytologic diagnosis was obtained in 208 (86%) patients with a similar diagnostic accuracy. The aspirate material was non-representative or scanty in 34 (14%) patients. The most common cytological diagnosis was tuberculosis/consistent with tuberculosis seen in 108 (45%) patients followed by metastasis (17%) and reactive hyperplasia (10%). Non-Hodgkin lymphoma was diagnosed in 22 (9%) patients. All patients were briefly followed for a period of 1 1/2 to 2 years (mean 1 year). CONCLUSION: Image-guided FNAC has a pivotal role, and is a cost-effective tool for establishing tissue diagnosis as a primary investigative modality. It is also helpful and accurate in follow-up of patients with a known malignant disease, thereby avoiding surgical intervention.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12010311&dopt=Abstract

Int J Dermatol. 2002 Mar;41(3):159-65.
Clinical and epidemiological observations of cutaneous tuberculosis in Larkana, Pakistan.

Bhutto AM, Solangi A, Khaskhely NM, Arakaki H, Nonaka S.

Department of Dermatology, Chandka Medical College, Doctors' Colony, VIP Road, Larkana Sindh, Pakistan. bhutto_manaotmail.com

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous tuberculosis is widespread in Pakistan but has not been fully documented. This study was conducted to determine the clinical pattern, nature and existence of the disease in Larkana, Sindh province, Pakistan. METHODS: We are reporting 153 cases of patients with cutaneous tuberculosis who visited our department from 1996 to 1999. All cases were diagnosed at the clinic, and the biopsies were examined for histopathological evidence. The patients received three antituberculous treatments during a 9 month course. RESULTS: Clinically, 63 (41.2%) cases of lupus vulgaris, 54 (35.3%) of scrofuloderma, 29 (19.59%) of lupus verrucosa cutis, six (3.92%) of tuberculosis cutis orificialis and one (0.64%) case of disseminated cutaneous tuberculosis were observed in our department from 1996 to 1999. All patients were aged between 3 and 50 years and had experienced the present complaints for 1 to 12 years. Sixty-nine (45.1%) cases were children aged under 10 years, 50 cases (37.25%) were aged between 10 and 20 years, and 27 cases (17.65%) were aged over 20 years. There was no considerable ratio difference of the disease between male and female patients. Histopathologically, all the specimens showed chronic granulomatous changes; the majority was infiltrated with epitheloid cells, langhans giant cells, plasma cells and other inflammatory cells, such as lymphocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils in ulcerated lesions. Increased numbers of mast cells were seen in upper and lower dermis in two-thirds of the specimens. Caseating necrosis was visible in half of the specimens while Ziehl-Neelsen stain was negative in all the sections. CONCLUSIONS: The observed number of patients was moderately large, thus indicating a high incidence of cutaneous tuberculosis in Larkana. Lupus vulgaris, a form of cutaneous tuberculosis, was widespread in this area and prevalent in adults, while scrofuloderma was prevalent in children. Moreover, the existing rate of the disease was higher in children aged under 10 years and lower in adults. This indicates that children are more prone to this disease than adults.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12010341&dopt=Abstract

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