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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs || Tuberculosis research abs

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2002 Mar;97(2):263-264.
Direct Sensitivity Test of the MB/BacT System.

Barreto AM, Araujo JB, Medeiros RF, Caldas PC.

Laboratorio de Tuberculose, Centro de Referencia Prof. Helio Fraga, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22710-550, Brasil.

In order to evaluate the direct-method test of sensitivity to drugs used in the principal tuberculosis treatment regimes, in the Organon Teknika MB/BacT system, we tested 50 sputum samples positive to microscopy taken from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and with clinical indications for an antibiogram, admitted sequentially for examination during the routine of the reference laboratory. The material was treated v/v with 23% trisodium phosphate solution, incubated for 24 h at 35 degrees C, and neutralized v/v with 20% monosodium phosphate solution. The material was then centrifuged and the sediment inoculated into flasks containing Rifampin - 2 &mgr;g/ml, Isoniazid - 0.2 &mgr;g/ml, Pyrazinamide - 100 &mgr;g/ml, Ethambutol - 2.5 &mgr;g/ml, Ethionamide - 1.25 &mgr;g/ml, and Streptomycin - 2 &mgr;g/ml. The tests were evaluated using the indirect method in the BACTEC 460 TB (Becton Dickinson) system as the gold standard. The results showed that the Rifampin test performed best, i.e., 100% sensitivity at 95% Confidence Interval (82.2-100) and 100% specificity at 95% Confidence Interval (84.5-100), followed by Isoniazid and Pyrazinamide. In this experiment, 92% of the materials showed a final reading in 30 days; this period represents the time for primary isolation as well as the results of the sensitivity profile, and is within Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations regarding time for performance of the antibiogram. The inoculated flasks showed no contamination during the experiment. The MB/BacT is shown to be a reliable, rapid, fully automated nonradiometric system for the tuberculosis antibiogram.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12016454&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 1999;24(3):275-6.
[A comparative analysis of clinical and pathologic diagnoses in 79 pediatric autopsy cases]

[Article in Chinese]

Zhao L, Yian Y, Chen R.

Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Medical University, Changsha 410008.

This study is a comparative analysis between pathologic and clinical diagnoses of 79 pediatric autopsy cases. We found that 14 cases were misdiagnosed. The rate of misdiagnosis is 17.72%. The 79 cases were divided into four groups of children aged approximately 28 days, approximately 5 years, approximately 10 years and approximately 14 years, the rate of misdiagnosis of the first group is 29.63%. This rate is apparently higher than other age groups(P < 0.05). The younger the age group is, the higher the chances of misdiagnosis. Respiratory disease was the main misdiagnosis rating 42.86%, while the two misdiagnosed cases were found to be tuberculosis. We suggest that doctors be aware of the perinatal factor when they diagnose newborns and try to find out the primary cause of illness, the threat of tuberculosis to children. Pediatricians should heed.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12016805&dopt=Abstract

Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2002 Spring;32(2):142-7.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to first-line drugs: comparisons of the MGIT 960 and BACTEC 460 systems.

Huang TS, Tu HZ, Lee SS, Huang WK, Liu YC.

Section of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China. tshuansca.vghks.gov.tw

The reliability of the Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) 960 system for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was evaluated. Forty-seven isolates, including 10 fully susceptible and 37 resistant strains, were tested for susceptibility to the critical concentrations of streptomycin (STR), isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RMP), and ethambutol (EMB), as recommended by the manufacturer. Strains resistant to the critical concentrations were tested with higher concentrations. The results were compared to those obtained by a radiometric method (BACTEC 460TB) and by a conventional agar dilution method, which served as the reference method. Based on these data, we suggest that the following antibiotic concentrations give satisfactory results with the MGIT 960 system: STR, 4.0 microg/ml; INH, 0.1 microg/ml; RMP, 1.0 microg/ml; and EMB, 5.0 microg/ml. The time required to obtain susceptibility results averaged 6.9 days by the MGIT 960 system and 5.4 days by the BACTEC 460TB system; these intervals were not significantly different. This study shows that the MGIT 960 system is a reliable, rapid, automated method for testing the susceptibility of M. tuberculosis isolates to first-line drugs.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12017195&dopt=Abstract

Pac Health Dialog. 2001 Mar;8(1):15-9.
Attitudes regarding tuberculosis among Samoans.

AhChing LP, Sapolu M, Samifua M, Yamada S.

University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medicine, 1960 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822

The research reported here examines knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to tuberculosis (TB) among Samoan immigrants through the use of a focus group. Samoan health workers to discuss participants' explanatory models regarding TB convened a focus group of eight Samoan living in Hawaii. The participants expressed a belief in the extreme contagiousness of TB. This leads to social stigma and isolation. Most agreed that biomedical treatment is necessary. Traditional herbal medicine was seen as adjunct to biomedical treatment. Focus group participants were found to subscribe to largely biomedical explanatory models regarding TB, but belief in traditional medicine also persists. TB was believed to be more transmissible than it actually is. TB continues to be a stigmatized disease.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12017816&dopt=Abstract

Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2002 Jan;18(1):17-22.
Monocyte-derived cytokine--IL-12, TGF-beta 1 and TNF-alpha in patients with tuberculosis.

Tsai WC, Tsai JJ, Chen CJ, Yen JH, Ou TT, Liu HW.

Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.

Pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). This microorganism is capable of inducing a delayed hypersensitivity in the lung, with subsequent expression of the disease. This reaction depends on the presence of different cytokines that exert specific functions. To study the variability of different cytokine responses after MTB antigenic challenge, we used antigens derived from MTB to stimulate the monocytes from both normal healthy contact and the patients with active tuberculosis. We found in the resting state monocytes from healthy contact secreted higher amounts of IL-12 than those from patients. After stimulation with MTB antigen, the secretion of IL-12 did not increase in normal healthy contact, but in patients with tuberculosis the secretion increased. After MTB antigen stimulation, monocytes from patients with active tuberculosis secreted a higher amount of TNF-alpha. In summary, the patterns of monocyte-derived cytokine secretion upon mycobacterial antigen challenge were different in these two groups.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12017978&dopt=Abstract

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